CERN大型强子对撞机中部分剥离离子的准直
Collimation of partially stripped ions in the CERN Large Hadron Collider
摘要：
在对撞机之外的物理学研究范围内，伽马工厂倡议提出使用部分剥离的离子作为CERN大型强子对撞机（LHC）中新型高强度光子源的驱动器。2018年，LHC首次加速并储存了部分剥离的$^{208}\text{Pb}^{81+}$离子。在该测试期间记录的准直系统效率被发现是非常低的，使得只有非常低强度的光束可以被存储，而没有在发生常规的、微小的光束损失时触发光束收集器的风险。最严重的损失局限于电子感应加速器清洗插入的色散抑制器。本文通过分析来详细了解这些损失的来源。基于这种理解，可能的缓解措施，可以显着提高清洁效率，并使定期操作与部分剥离离子在未来的发展。
英文摘要：
In the scope of the Physics Beyond Colliders studies, the Gamma-Factory initiative proposes the use of partially stripped ions as a driver of a new type of high-intensity photon source in CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In 2018, the LHC accelerated and stored partially stripped $^{208}\text{Pb}^{81+}$ ions for the first time. The collimation system efficiency recorded during this test was found to be prohibitively low, so that only a very low-intensity beam could be stored without the risk of triggering a beam dump when regular, minor beam losses occur. The worst losses were localised in the dispersion suppressor of the betatron-cleaning insertion. This article presents an analysis to understand in detail the source of these losses. Based on this understanding, possible mitigation measures that could significantly improve the cleaning efficiency and enable regular operation with partially-stripped ions in the future are developed.
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