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arXiv 2107.07883astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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在X射线背景下的星族III恒星形成:I.恒星形成的临界晕质量和总质量

Population III Star Formation in an X-ray background: I. Critical Halo Mass of Formation and Total Mass in Stars

Jongwon Park, Massimo Ricotti, Kazuyuki Sugimura

摘要:

宇宙中形成的第一批发光天体产生FUV和X射线波段的辐射背景,影响第三星族恒星的形成。利用宇宙流体动力学网格的放大模拟,我们探讨了莱曼-华纳(LW)和X射线辐射背景对第三星族恒星形成的临界暗物质晕质量和每个晕的恒星总质量的影响。我们发现LW辐射背景降低了H $_2$分数,延迟了星族III星的形成。另一方面,X射线辐射预期坍缩的红移,并降低了临界晕质量,除非X射线背景太强,气体加热关闭气体坍缩到晕中,并阻止恒星形成。因此,X射线背景可以使形成第三星族恒星的暗物质晕的数量增加约十倍,但每个晕中形成的恒星的总质量减少。这是因为X射线辐射增加了坍缩气体的分子分数,降低了坍缩气体的最低温度(或相当于准流体静力核心的质量),因此减缓了气体在中央原恒星上的吸积。

英文摘要:

The first luminous objects forming in the universe produce radiation backgrounds in the FUV and X-ray bands that affect the formation of Population III stars. Using a grid of cosmological hydrodynamics zoom-in simulations, we explore the impact of the Lyman-Warner (LW) and X-ray radiation backgrounds on the critical dark matter halo mass for Population III star formation and the total mass in stars per halo. We find that the LW radiation background lowers the H$_2$ fraction and delays the formation of the Population III stars. On the other hand, X-ray irradiation anticipates the redshift of collapse and reduces the critical halo mass, unless the X-ray background is too strong and gas heating shuts down gas collapse into the halos and prevents star formation. Therefore, an X-ray background can increase the number of dark matter halos forming Population III stars by about a factor of ten, but the total mass in stars forming in each halo is reduced. This is because X-ray radiation increases the molecular fraction and lowers the minimum temperature of the collapsing gas (or equivalently the mass of the quasi-hydrostatic core) and therefore slows down the accretion of the gas onto the central protostar.

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