利用多轴加工优化支撑移除的构建方向
Optimizing Build Orientation for Support Removal using Multi-Axis Machining
摘要：
通过增材制造（AM）制造的部件通常首先制造为近净形状，即预期标称几何形状和牺牲支撑结构的组合，其需要在随后的后处理阶段使用减材制造（SM）去除。在本文中，我们提出了一个框架，优化建设方向的可拆卸性的支持结构。特别是，给定一个一般的多轴加工设置和采样的构建方向，我们定义了一个帕累托最优性标准的基础上的总支持体积和“隔离”的支持体积定义为支持体积，是不能访问的一组给定的加工工具。由于总支撑体积主要取决于构建方向，而隔离体积由加工设置决定，因此在许多情况下，这两个目标是相互竞争的，需要考虑它们的权衡。可达性分析依赖于不可达性测量场（IMF），这是欧几里得空间中的一个连续场，它量化了给定工具和夹具集合的每个点的不可达性。每个点处的IMF值指示相对运动中的对象（包括零件、夹具和刀具）之间在所有可能的刀具方向和刀具上的锋利点上的最小可能体积碰撞。我们还提出了一个自动化的支持移除规划算法的基础上IMF，其中一系列的行动提供的夹具设备，刀具，和工具的方向在每一步。在我们的方法中，每一步都是基于最大可移除体积来选择的，以迭代地移除可访问的支持。所提出的方法的有效性证明通过基准的例子在2D和现实的例子在3D。
英文摘要：
Parts fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) are often fabricated first as a near-net shape, a combination of intended nominal geometry and sacrificial support structures, which need to be removed in a subsequent post-processing stage using subtractive manufacturing (SM). In this paper, we present a framework for optimizing the build orientation with respect to removability of support structures. In particular, given a general multi-axis machining setup and sampled build orientations, we define a Pareto-optimality criterion based on the total support volume and the "secluded" support volume defined as the support volume that is not accessible by a given set of machining tools. Since total support volume mainly depends on the build orientation and the secluded volume is dictated by the machining setup, in many cases the two objectives are competing and their trade-off needs to be taken into account. The accessibility analysis relies on the inaccessibility measure field (IMF), which is a continuous field in the Euclidean space that quantifies the inaccessibility of each point given a collection of tools and fixturing devices. The value of IMF at each point indicates the minimum possible volumetric collision between objects in relative motion including the part, fixtures, and the tools, over all possible tool orientations and sharp points on the tool. We also propose an automated support removal planning algorithm based on IMF, where a sequence of actions are provided in terms of the fixturing devices, cutting tools, and tool orientation at each step. In our approach, each step is chosen based on the maximal removable volume to iteratively remove accessible supports. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through benchmark examples in 2D and realistic examples in 3D.
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