统一气体动力学波粒方法VI：离散稀相气粒多相流
Unified gas-kinetic wave-particle methods VI: Disperse dilute gas-particle multiphase flow
摘要：
本文提出了一种适用于稀散气固多相流的统一气体动力学波粒格式。气相总是处于流体动力学状态。然而，颗粒相涵盖不同的流动状态，从颗粒轨迹交叉到流体动力学波相互作用，局部颗粒相努森数的变化。UGKWP是一种合适的方法，用于捕获的多尺度传输机制的颗粒相，通过其耦合波粒制剂。在粒子碰撞强烈的区域，固体粒子的演化将伴随着准平衡分布的解析波;而在稀薄区域，非平衡粒子相将通过粒子跟踪和碰撞被捕获，这对粒子轨迹交叉行为的恢复起着决定性作用。气体流动的模拟采用气体动力学格式（GKS）。在颗粒的高度碰撞制度中，没有颗粒将被采样在UGKWP和流体动力气相的固体颗粒的波制剂将减少系统的双流体欧拉模型。另一方面，在固体粒子的无碰撞区域，在UGKWP中将遵循固体粒子的自由输运，并且耦合系统将返回到气体和粒子的欧拉-拉格朗日公式。该方案将在所有的流动状态下进行测试，包括非平衡颗粒轨迹交叉，不同努森数下的颗粒浓度，以及随Stokes数变化的颗粒流的分散。对冲击诱导颗粒床流化实验进行了模拟，并将模拟结果与实验测量结果进行了比较。这些数值解验证了所提出的方案的气固多相流模拟的适用性。
英文摘要：
In this paper, a unified gas-kinetic wave-particle scheme (UGKWP) for the disperse dilute gas-particle multiphase flow is proposed. The gas phase is always in the hydrodynamic regime. However, the particle phase covers different flow regimes from particle trajectory crossing to the hydrodynamic wave interaction with the variation of local particle phase Knudsen number. The UGKWP is an appropriate method for the capturing of the multiscale transport mechanism in the particle phase through its coupled wave-particle formulation. In the regime with intensive particle collision, the evolution of solid particle will be followed by the analytic wave with quasi-equilibrium distribution; while in the rarefied regime the non-equilibrium particle phase will be captured through particle tracking and collision, which plays a decisive role in recovering particle trajectory crossing behavior. The gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) is employed for the simulation of gas flow. In the highly collision regime for the particles, no particles will be sampled in UGKWP and the wave formulation for solid particle with the hydrodynamic gas phase will reduce the system to the two-fluid Eulerian model. On the other hand, in the collisionless regime for the solid particle, the free transport of solid particle will be followed in UGKWP, and coupled system will return to the Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation for the gas and particle. The scheme will be tested for in all flow regimes, which include the non-equilibrium particle trajectory crossing, the particle concentration under different Knudsen number, and the dispersion of particle flow with the variation of Stokes number. A experiment of shock-induced particle bed fluidization is simulated and the results are compared with experimental measurements. These numerical solutions validate suitability of the proposed scheme for the simulation of gas-particle multiphase flow.
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