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arXiv 2107.02404physics.plasm-phastro-ph.HEphysics.space-ph
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无碰撞垂直激波中离子尺度动力学不稳定性的马赫数依赖性:韦伯主导激波的条件

Mach Number Dependence of Ion-scale Kinetic Instability at Collisionless Perpendicular Shock: Condition for Weibel-dominated Shock

Takuro Nishigai, Takanobu Amano

摘要:

本文采用线性理论和非线性粒子模拟方法研究了无碰撞激波下离子尺度动力学等离子体不稳定性。我们专注于阿尔文离子回旋(AIC),镜子,和韦伯不稳定性,这都是驱动不稳定的有效温度各向异性诱导的冲击反射离子在过渡层内的严格垂直冲击。我们进行线性色散分析与均匀等离子体模型来模拟激波过渡层,采用环形分布与有限的热扩散来代表反射离子的速度分布。我们发现,对于平行于环境磁场的波传播,在较低的阿尔文马赫数的AIC不稳定性倾向于过渡到韦伯不稳定性在较高的阿尔文马赫数。然而,不稳定性也强烈地受到声马赫数的影响。我们的结论是,在阿尔文和声音马赫数都超过$\sim 20{\rm -}40$的强激波的不稳定性可以被认为是韦伯的意义上,反射离子的行为基本上未磁化。二维PIC模拟证实了线性理论,并发现,与典型的年轻超新星遗迹冲击参数,环分布模型产生的背景磁场,这是小于以前的PIC模拟中观察到的韦伯为主的冲击的顺序的磁波动。这表明,回旋反射离子分布的假设可能不足以定量预测高马赫数冲击的动力学的非线性行为。

英文摘要:

We investigate ion-scale kinetic plasma instabilities at the collisionless shock using linear theory and nonlinear Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations. We focus on the Alfvén-ion-cyclotron (AIC), mirror, and Weibel instabilities, which are all driven unstable by the effective temperature anisotropy induced by the shock-reflected ions within the transition layer of a strictly perpendicular shock. We conduct linear dispersion analysis with a homogeneous plasma model to mimic the shock transition layer by adopting a ring distribution with finite thermal spread to represent the velocity distribution of the reflected ions. We find that, for wave propagation parallel to the ambient magnetic field, the AIC instability at lower Alfvén Mach numbers tends to transition to the Weibel instability at higher Alfvén Mach numbers. The instability property is, however, also strongly affected by the sound Mach number. We conclude that the instability at a strong shock with Alfvén and sound Mach numbers both in excess of $\sim 20{\rm -}40$ may be considered as Weibel-like in the sense that the reflected ions behave essentially unmagnetized. Two-dimensional PIC simulations confirm the linear theory and find that, with typical parameters of young supernova remnant shocks, the ring distribution model produces magnetic fluctuations of the order of the background magnetic field, which is smaller than those observed in previous PIC simulations for Weibel-dominated shocks. This indicates that the assumption of the gyrotropic reflected ion distribution may not be adequate to quantitatively predict nonlinear behaviors of the dynamics in high Mach number shocks.

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