利用子束强度总变差正则化提高小动物3D打印补偿器IMRT的效率
Improving the efficiency of small animal 3D printed compensator IMRT with beamlet intensity total variation regularization
摘要：
目的：人们越来越关注使用现代3D打印技术在临床前规模上实施强度调制放射治疗（IMRT），这类似于临床IMRT。然而，当前的3D打印IMRT方法遭受复杂的调制模式，导致长的递送时间、过量的灯丝使用和不准确的补偿器制造。在这项工作中，我们已经开发了一个全变差正则化（TVR）的方法来解决这些问题。研究方法：TVR-IMRT是一种设计用于最小化相邻子束之间强度差异的技术，用于优化子束强度图，然后将其转换为铜掺杂PLA灯丝中相应的补偿器厚度。使用五个射束生成IMRT和TVR-IMRT计划以治疗小鼠心脏，同时保留肺组织。将单个射野剂量和复合剂量传递到胶片上，并使用伽马分析与相应的计划剂量进行比较。结果如下：与标准3D打印补偿器IMRT相比，TVR-IMRT将小射束强度和补偿器厚度的总变化减少了约50%。所消耗的补偿器材料的总质量和辐射射束开启时间减少了20- 30%，而DVH保持相当。以3%/0.3mm为标准，IMRT和TVR-IMRT的γ分析通过率分别为89.07%和95.37%。结论：TVR可以应用于小动物IMRT子束强度，以产生通量图和随后的3D打印补偿器图案，总变化较小，简化了3D打印并减少了所需的灯丝量。与传统的调强放射治疗计划相比，TVR-IMRT计划需要更少的射束开启时间，同时保持剂量符合性。
英文摘要：
Purpose: There is growing interest in the use of modern 3D printing technology to implement intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on the preclinical scale which is analogous to clinical IMRT. However, current 3D-printed IMRT methods suffer from complex modulation patterns leading to long delivery times, excess filament usage, and inaccurate compensator fabrication. In this work, we have developed a total variation regularization (TVR) approach to address these issues. Methods: TVR-IMRT, a technique designed to minimize the intensity difference between neighboring beamlets, was used to optimize the beamlet intensity map, which was then converted to corresponding compensator thicknesses in copper-doped PLA filament. IMRT and TVR-IMRT plans using five beams were generated to treat a mouse heart while sparing lung tissue. The individual field doses and composite dose were delivered to film and compared to the corresponding planned doses using gamma analysis. Results: TVR-IMRT reduced the total variation of both the beamlet intensities and compensator thicknesses by around 50% when compared to standard 3D printed compensator IMRT. The total mass of compensator material consumed and radiation beam-on time were reduced by 20-30%, while DVHs remained comparable. Gamma analysis passing rate with 3%/0.3mm criterion was 89.07% for IMRT and 95.37% for TVR-IMRT. Conclusion: TVR can be applied to small animal IMRT beamlet intensities in order to produce fluence maps and subsequent 3D-printed compensator patterns with less total variation, simplifying 3D printing and reducing the amount of filament required. The TVR-IMRT plan required less beam-on time while maintaining the dose conformity when compared to a traditional IMRT plan.
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