GRAVITY K-band spectroscopy of HD 206893 B: brown dwarf or exoplanet
J. Kammerer, S. Lacour, T. Stolker, P. Mollière, D. K. Sing, E. Nasedkin, P. Kervella, J. J. Wang, K. Ward-Duong, M. Nowak, R. Abuter, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Tor… 展开作者
J. Kammerer, S. Lacour, T. Stolker, P. Mollière, D. K. Sing, E. Nasedkin, P. Kervella, J. J. Wang, K. Ward-Duong, M. Nowak, R. Abuter, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Bauböck, M. Benisty, J. -P. Berger, H. Beust, S. Blunt, A. Boccaletti, A. Bohn, M. -L. Bolzer, M. Bonnefoy, H. Bonnet, W. Brandner, F. Cantalloube, P. Caselli, B. Charnay, G. Chauvin, E. Choquet, V. Christiaens, Y. Clénet, V. Coudé du Foresto, A. Cridland, R. Dembet, J. Dexter, P. T. de Zeeuw, A. Drescher, G. Duvert, A. Eckart, F. Eisenhauer, F. Gao, P. Garcia, R. Garcia Lopez, E. Gendron, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, J. Girard, X. Haubois, G. Heißel, T. Henning, S. Hinkley, S. Hippler, M. Horrobin, M. Houllé, Z. Hubert, L. Jocou, M. Keppler, L. Kreidberg, A. -M. Lagrange, V. Lapeyrère, J. -B. Le Bouquin, P. Léna, D. Lutz, A. -L. Maire, A. Mérand, J. D. Monnier, D. Mouillet, A. Müller, T. Ott, G. P. P. L. Otten, C. Paladini, T. Paumard, K. Perraut, G. Perrin, O. Pfuhl, L. Pueyo, J. Rameau, L. Rodet, G. Rousset, Z. Rustamkulov, J. Shangguan, T. Shimizu, J. Stadler, O. Straub, C. Straubmeier, E. Sturm, L. J. Tacconi, E. F. van Dishoeck, A. Vigan, F. Vincent, S. D. von Fellenberg, F. Widmann, E. Wieprecht, E. Wiezorrek, J. Woillez, S. Yazici, GRAVITY Collaboration
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28 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
We aim to reveal the nature of the reddest known substellar companion HD 206893 B by studying its near-infrared colors and spectral morphology and by investigating its orbital motion. We fit atmospheric models for giant planets and brown dwarfs and perform spectral retrievals with petitRADTRANS and ATMO on the observed GRAVITY, SPHERE, and GPI spectra of HD 206893 B. To recover its unusual spectral features, we include additional extinction by high-altitude dust clouds made of enstatite grains in the atmospheric model fits. We also infer the orbital parameters of HD 206893 B by combining the $\sim 100~μ\text{as}$ precision astrometry from GRAVITY with data from the literature and constrain the mass and position of HD 206893 C based on the Gaia proper motion anomaly of the system. The extremely red color and the very shallow $1.4~μ\text{m}$ water absorption feature of HD 206893 B can be fit well with the adapted atmospheric models and spectral retrievals. Altogether, our analysis suggests an age of $\sim 3$-$300~\text{Myr}$ and a mass of $\sim 5$-$30~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$ for HD 206893 B, which is consistent with previous estimates but extends the parameter space to younger and lower-mass objects. The GRAVITY astrometry points to an eccentric orbit ($e = 0.29^{+0.06}_{-0.11}$) with a mutual inclination of $< 34.4~\text{deg}$ with respect to the debris disk of the system. While HD 206893 B could in principle be a planetary-mass companion, this possibility hinges on the unknown influence of the inner companion on the mass estimate of $10^{+5}_{-4}~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$ from radial velocity and Gaia as well as a relatively small but significant Argus moving group membership probability of $\sim 61\%$. However, we find that if the mass of HD 206893 B is $< 30~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$, then the inner companion HD 206893 C should have a mass between $\sim 8$-$15~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$.
The Unrealised Interdisciplinary Advantage of Observing High Mass Transiting Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs -- Strategic Exoplanet Initiatives with HST and JWST White Paper
The Polar Vortex Hypothesis: Evolving, Spectrally Distinct Polar Regions Explain Short- and Long-term Light Curve Evolution and Color-Inclination Trends in Brown Dwarfs and Giant Exoplanets
Infrared Flares from M Dwarfs: a Hinderance to Future Transiting Exoplanet Studies
许多当前和未来的系外行星任务正在推动红外（IR）波长，行星和恒星之间的通量对比更有利（Deming et al. 2009），恒星磁活动的影响减少。事实上，最近对恒星黑子和光斑的分析发现，这些形式的恒星活动不会对具有JWST的FGKM恒星的凌日特征或科学潜力产生实质性影响（Zellem et al. 2017）。然而，在耀斑的情况下，这是不正确的，我证明这可能是一个障碍，过境研究在这份说明。
Astrometric planet search around southern ultracool dwarfs: V. Discovery of the exoplanet candidate PALTA-1 b
European Space Agency（欧洲空间局）；Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine（乌克兰国家科学院主天文台）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）；Université de Genève（日内瓦大学）
Modeling the Protoplanetary Disks of Two Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
测量褐矮星周围原行星盘的性质对于理解褐矮星及其行星同伴的形成至关重要。我们提出了CFHT Tau 4和2 M0444的模型，这两颗棕矮星在金牛座分子云中具有原行星盘。通过结合建模的光谱能量分布和ALMA图像，我们得到这些对象的磁盘半径和质量，这些参数可以用来约束褐矮星的形成和行星形成，分别。我们发现CFHT Tau 4周围的圆盘质量为0.42 M $_{Jup}$，半径为80 au;我们发现2 M 0444的圆盘质量为2.05 M $_{Jup}$，半径为100 au。这些半径是更一致的理论模拟预测的褐矮星形成通过不受干扰的冷凝从质量水库比那些预测的喷射从形成区域。此外，2 M 0444的盘质量表明，在这个盘中可能有行星形成，尽管2 M 0444的盘质量可能不足以形成行星。这里测量的磁盘属性提供了限制褐矮星形成的理论模型和它们的行星同伴的形成。
Bridging the Gap: Using Brown Dwarfs to Examine Silicate Clouds in Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres
American Museum of Natural History（美国自然历史博物馆）；Dordt University（多尔特大学）；Center for Exoplanetary Systems, Space Science Institute（系外行星系统中心，空间科学研究所）；The Graduate Center, City University of New York（纽约市立大学研究生中心）
Revealing the Vertical Cloud Structure of a young low-mass Brown Dwarf, an analog to the beta-Pictoris b directly-imaged exoplanet, through Keck I/MOSFIRE spectro-photometric variability
年轻的褐矮星类似于巨大的系外行星，因为它们共享有效温度，近红外颜色和表面重力。因此，对年轻褐矮星的详细描述可能会为巨型系外行星的研究提供帮助，我们目前无法以足够的信噪比观察它们的大气层。2 MASS J22081363+2921215是一颗年轻的L3褐矮星，属于β-Pica-b年轻移动群（2300万年+/-300万年），与β-Pica-b巨型系外行星共享其有效温度和质量。我们用安装在凯克I望远镜上的MOSFIRE多目标摄谱仪对2 MASS J22081363+2921215进行了约2.5小时的J波段分光光度监测。我们测得其J波段光变曲线的最小变异幅度为3.22 +/-0.42%。2 MASS J22081363+2921215的最大和最小通量谱之间的比率显示出弱的波长依赖性和潜在的增强的变化幅度在碱性线。进一步分析表明，碱性线上的变异幅度高于整体变异幅度（4.5- 11%，取决于线）。如果我们将原始MOSFIRE光谱的分辨率降低到R~100，则这些谱线中的可变性幅度较低，这解释了为什么先前在HST/WFC 3光变曲线中没有发现这种潜在的碱性谱线增强的可变性。使用辐射传输模型，我们得到了不同的云层，可能会引入分光光度变化，我们观察到2 MASS J22081363+2921215，进一步支持测量增强的变化幅度在碱性线。我们提供了一个艺术的娱乐垂直云结构的β-Picadium b类似物…
Predicting the detection yields of giant planets and brown dwarfs with CSST astrometry
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交大李政道研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)（中国科学院大学天文学与空间科学学院）；School of Physics and optoelectronic engineering, Anhui University（安徽大学物理与光电工程学院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）
