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arXiv 2106.07092hep-lathep-th
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$\mathcal PT$对称性、斑图形成和有限密度QCD

$\mathcal PT$ symmetry, pattern formation, and finite-density QCD

Moses A. Schindler, Stella T. Schindler, Michael C. Ogilvie

摘要:

在量子色动力学(QCD)的研究中,一个长期存在的问题是它在非零重子密度下的行为,这对物理学的许多领域都有影响。当夸克化学势不为零时,路径积分有一个复被积函数,因此有一个符号问题,但它也有广义的$\mathcal PT$对称性。本文综述了$\mathcal PT$ -对称场论的一些新方法,包括晶格模拟的分析技术和方法。我们发现,$\mathcal PT$对称场论与一个以上的领域一般有一个更丰富的相结构比厄米同行,包括稳定的相位图案行为。详细解释了$ϕ^4$模型的$\mathcal PT$对称扩展的情况。这些结果的相关性有限密度QCD的解释,我们表明,一个简单的有限密度QCD模型在其临界区域表现出图案相。

英文摘要:

A longstanding issue in the study of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is its behavior at nonzero baryon density, which has implications for many areas of physics. The path integral has a complex integrand when the quark chemical potential is nonzero and therefore has a sign problem, but it also has a generalized $\mathcal PT$ symmetry. We review some new approaches to $\mathcal PT$-symmetric field theories, including both analytical techniques and methods for lattice simulation. We show that $\mathcal PT$-symmetric field theories with more than one field generally have a much richer phase structure than their Hermitian counterparts, including stable phases with patterning behavior. The case of a $\mathcal PT$-symmetric extension of a $ϕ^4$ model is explained in detail. The relevance of these results to finite density QCD is explained, and we show that a simple model of finite density QCD exhibits a patterned phase in its critical region.

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