通过概率模拟研究二分生态相互作用网络的中尺度结构对其鲁棒性的影响
Impact of the mesoscale structure of a bipartite ecological interaction network on its robustness through a probabilistic modeling
摘要：
生态网络的健壮性量化了它所代表的生态系统对物种损失的恢复力。它对应于物种的比例，从网络的其余部分断开时，连续发生的排斥。传统上，鲁棒性是通过对大量灭绝序列的模拟来计算的。网络结构和鲁棒性之间的联系仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在网络和灭绝序列上设置一个联合概率模型，可以分析这种关系。二分随机块模型已经证明了它们对二分网络建模的能力，例如植物-传粉者网络：物种被分成块，相互作用概率由成员块确定。在该模型下，针对不同的主灭绝序列分布，得到了鲁棒性期望和方差的解析表达式。通过一组性质和数值例子分析了网络结构对鲁棒性的影响。一组二分生态网络的分析，使我们能够比较经验的方法，我们的概率方法，并说明了后者的相关性，当涉及到计算的鲁棒性的部分观察或不完全采样的网络。
英文摘要：
The robustness of an ecological network quantifies the resilience of the ecosystem it represents to species loss. It corresponds to the proportion of species that are disconnected from the rest of the network when extinctions occur sequentially. Classically, the robustness is calculated for a given network, from the simulation of a large number of extinction sequences. The link between network structure and robustness remains an open question. Setting a joint probabilistic model on the network and the extinction sequences allows analysis of this relation. Bipartite stochastic block models have proven their ability to model bipartite networks e.g. plant-pollinator networks: species are divided into blocks and interaction probabilities are determined by the blocks of membership. Analytical expressions of the expectation and variance of robustness are obtained under this model, for different distributions of primary extinction sequences. The impact of the network structure on the robustness is analyzed through a set of properties and numerical illustrations. The analysis of a collection of bipartite ecological networks allows us to compare the empirical approach to our probabilistic approach, and illustrates the relevance of the latter when it comes to computing the robustness of a partially observed or incompletely sampled network.
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