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arXiv 2106.05045astro-ph.EPphysics.space-ph
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在罕见的木星磁尾穿越期间使用Chandra搜索土星的X射线

Searching for Saturn's X-rays during a rare Jupiter Magnetotail Crossing using Chandra

D. M. Weigt, W. R. Dunn, C. M. Jackman, R. Kraft, G. Branduardi-Raymont, J. D. Nichols, A. D. Wibisono, M. F. Vogt, G. R. Gladstone

摘要:

每隔19年,土星就会穿过木星的“拍打”磁尾。在这里,我们报告钱德拉X射线观测土星计划,以配合这种罕见的行星排列,并分析土星的磁层响应时,过渡到这个独特的参数空间。我们分析了Chandra上的高分辨率相机(HRC-I)于2020年11月19日,21日和23日拍摄的三个导演自由支配时间(DDT)观测结果,旨在寻找极光和/或圆盘发射。我们推断在克朗系统的条件下,通过看一致的软X射线太阳能通量数据从地球静止轨道业务环境卫星(GOES)和哈勃太空望远镜(HST)观测土星的紫外线(UV)极光发射。在这段时间内,土星-太阳-地球的大角度意味着大多数来自太阳面向地球一侧的耀斑不会影响土星。在我们的任何观测中,我们都没有发现土星盘或极光发射的显著探测。我们计算的3 $σ$上带的能量通量的土星在这段时间是0.9 - 3.04 $\times$ 10 $^{14}$ erg cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$同意从以前的模拟磁盘排放的光谱通量。最后,我们讨论了这种不检测的影响,以及下一批X射线望远镜(如雅典娜和山猫任务概念)如何继续观察土星,提高空间和光谱分辨率,并增强灵敏度,以帮助我们最终解决土星显然难以捉摸的X射线极光背后的奥秘。

英文摘要:

Every 19 years, Saturn passes through Jupiter's 'flapping' magnetotail. Here, we report Chandra X-ray observations of Saturn planned to coincide with this rare planetary alignment and to analyse Saturn's magnetospheric response when transitioning to this unique parameter space. We analyse three Director's Discretionary Time (DDT) observations from the High Resolution Camera (HRC-I) on-board Chandra, taken on November 19, 21 and 23 2020 with the aim to find auroral and/or disk emissions. We infer the conditions in the kronian system by looking at coincident soft X-ray solar flux data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Saturn's ultraviolet (UV) auroral emissions. The large Saturn-Sun-Earth angle during this time would mean that most flares from the Earth-facing side of the Sun would not have impacted Saturn. We find no significant detection of Saturn's disk or auroral emissions in any of our observations. We calculate the 3$σ$ upper band energy flux of Saturn during this time to be 0.9 - 3.04 $\times$ 10$^{14}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ which agrees with fluxes found from previous modelled spectra of the disk emissions. We conclude by discussing the implications of this non-detection and how it is imperative that the next fleet of X-ray telescope (such as Athena and the Lynx mission concept) continue to observe Saturn with their improved spatial and spectral resolution and very enhanced sensitivity to help us finally solve the mysteries behind Saturn's apparently elusive X-ray aurora.

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