中子衰变中发射电子横向极化的测量-- nTRV实验
Measurement of the transverse polarization of electrons emitted in neutron decay -- nTRV experiment
摘要：
本文回顾了nTRV实验的主要成就，该实验测量了极化自由中子的$β$衰变中发射的电子的横向极化的两个分量（$σ_{T_{1}}$，$σ_{T_{2}}$），并推导出两个相关系数，$R$和$N$，它们对标准模型之外的物理敏感。时间反演奇性系数$R$的值为0.004 $\pm$ 0.012 $\pm$ 0.005，显著改善了弱相互作用中虚标量耦合常数相对强度的限制。获得的时间反演偶相关系数$N$的值为0.067 $\pm$ 0.011 $\pm$ 0.004，与标准模型的预期一致，提供了一个重要的电子偏振计灵敏度测试。这个开创性实验的结论之一是，中子$β$衰变中的横向电子极化值得通过测量尚未在实验上尝试的相关系数（如$H$、$L$、$S$、$U$和$V$）进行更系统的探索。本文就这一问题作一简要展望。
英文摘要：
This paper recalls the main achievements of the nTRV experiment which measured two components of the transverse polarization ($σ_{T_{1}}$, $σ_{T_{2}}$) of electrons emitted in the $β$-decay of polarized, free neutrons and deduced two correlation coefficients, $R$ and $N$, that are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. The value of time-reversal odd coefficient $R$, 0.004$\pm$0.012$\pm$0.005, significantly improved limits on the relative strength of imaginary scalar coupling constant in the weak interaction. The value obtained for the time-reversal even correlation coefficient $N$, 0.067$\pm$0.011$\pm$0.004, agrees with the Standard Model expectation, providing an important sensitivity test of the electron polarimeter. One of the conclusions of this pioneering experiment was that the transverse electron polarization in the neutron $β$-decay is worth more systematic exploring by measurements of yet experimentally not attempted correlation coefficients such as $H$, $L$, $S$, $U$ and $V$. This article presents a brief outlook on that questions.
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