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arXiv 2106.03098astro-ph.HEphysics.plasm-ph
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磁旋转不稳定性Turbulence中的粒子扩散和加速

Particle Diffusion and Acceleration in Magnetorotational Instability Turbulence

Xiaochen Sun, Xue-Ning Bai

摘要:

热吸积流包含无碰撞等离子体,被认为能够将粒子加速到非常高的能量,这是磁旋转不稳定性(MRI)产生的湍流的结果。我们进行非分层剪切盒模拟的MRI湍流在理想磁流体动力学(MHD),并注入高能(相对论)的测试粒子的模拟快照进行详细的调查粒子扩散和随机加速。我们考虑不同数量的净垂直磁通量,以实现不同的磁盘磁化水平在饱和状态下,具有足够高的分辨率来解决大多数粒子的回转半径($R_g$)。具有大$R_g$的颗粒($\gtrsim0.03$盘标度高度$H$)在方位角和极向方向上分别显示$\sim30$和$\sim5$乘以Bohm值的空间扩散系数。我们进一步测量粒子动量扩散系数$D(p)$应用福克-普朗克方程的粒子动量演化。对于这些粒子,来自湍流波动的贡献以$D(p)\propto p$为尺度,并且当$R_g\gtrsim0.1H$时剪切加速度接管,其特征在于$D(p)\propto p^3$。对于具有较小$R_g$($\lesssim0.03H$)的粒子,其空间扩散系数大致与$\sim p^{-1}$成比例,并且在动量扩散中显示出$D(p)\propto p^2$比例的证据,但具有较大的不确定性。我们发现,多重效应有助于随机加速/减速,该过程也可能受到MRI湍流中的不稳定性的影响。我们还讨论了在超大质量黑洞周围的热吸积流加速PeV宇宙射线的潜力。

英文摘要:

Hot accretion flows contain collisionless plasmas that are believed to be capable of accelerating particles to very high energies, as a result of turbulence generated by the magnetorotational instability (MRI). We conduct unstratified shearing-box simulations of the MRI turbulence in ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), and inject energetic (relativistic) test particles in simulation snapshots to conduct a detailed investigation on particle diffusion and stochastic acceleration. We consider different amount of net vertical magnetic flux to achieve different disk magnetizations levels at saturated states, with sufficiently high resolution to resolve the gyro-radii ($R_g$) of most particles. Particles with large $R_g$ ($\gtrsim0.03$ disk scale height $H$) show spatial diffusion coefficients of $\sim30$ and $\sim5$ times Bohm values in the azimuthal and poloidal directions, respectively. We further measure particle momentum diffusion coefficient $D(p)$ by applying the Fokker-Planck equation to particle momentum evolution. For these particles, contribution from turbulent fluctuations scales as $D(p)\propto p$, and shear acceleration takes over when $R_g\gtrsim0.1H$, characterized by $D(p)\propto p^3$. For particles with smaller $R_g$ ($\lesssim0.03H$), their spatial diffusion coefficients roughly scale as $\sim p^{-1}$, and show evidence of $D(p)\propto p^2$ scaling in momentum diffusion but with large uncertainties. We find that multiple effects contribute to stochastic acceleration/deceleration, and the process is also likely affected by intermittency in the MRI turbulence. We also discuss the potential of accelerating PeV cosmic-rays in hot accretion flows around supermassive black holes.

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