低耗气量的多相跟踪探测器在野外应用中的研究
Towards low gas consumption of muographic tracking detectors in field applications
摘要：
气体探测器广泛应用于高能物理中，并且是用于宇宙μ子成像（也称为μ照相术）的跟踪系统中的有吸引力的选择。这种检测器以合理的成本为大尺寸提供高分辨率和高效率，然而，缺点之一是必须防止气态检测介质被外部空气或内部除气污染。标准系统以恒定的气体流量工作，导致以气瓶更换的形式进行定期维护，这对于远程现场应用来说可能是一个问题。在本文中，我们讨论了实际的可能性，以减少气体消耗的室外气体跟踪器，特别是气体密度的变化，从日常温度循环限制输入流量。这种“呼吸”效应可以通过精心设计的缓冲体积来规避，缓冲体积必须防止外部空气污染。一个实际的MWPC跟踪测试系统，面积为0.9平方米，总体积为160升，已经运行了36天，流量为3升/天，确认缓冲体积，在这种情况下，50米长，10升体积的低扩散管，确保足够的气体质量。控制气体流动动力学的关键效应，包括扩散和气体体积变化，已被定量研究，导致实际的设计处方。
英文摘要：
Gaseous detectors are widely used in high energy physics, and are attractive choices in tracking systems for cosmic muon imaging, also called muography. Such detectors offer high resolution and high efficiency at reasonable cost for large sizes, however, one of the drawbacks is that the gaseous detection medium must be prevented from contamination by outside air or internal outgassing. Standard systems work with a constant gas flow, leading to regular maintenance in the form of gas cylinder changes, which can be an issue for remote field applications. In this paper we discuss the practical possibilities to reduce gas consumption of an outdoor gaseous tracker, where particularly the gas density change from daily temperature cycling limits the input flow. Such "breathing" effect can be circumvented by well designed buffer volume, which must prevent external air contamination. A realistic MWPC tracking test system with 0.9 square meter area, total volume of 160 l, has been operated for 36 days with a flow of 3 l/day, confirming that the buffer volume, in this case a 50 m long and 10 l volume low diffusion tube, ensures sufficient gas quality. The key effects governing the gas flow dynamics, including diffusion and gas volume change, has been studied quantitatively, leading to practical design prescriptions.
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