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arXiv 2104.14910stat.APstat.ML
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发电用风速集合预报的校正

Calibration of wind speed ensemble forecasts for power generation

Sándor Baran, Ágnes Baran

摘要:

在过去的几十年中,风力发电成为欧盟第二大能源,占其电力需求的16%。然而,由于其波动性,需要准确的短期风能预测,以成功地将风能整合到电网中。准确的风力预测需要准确的轮毂高度风速预报,其中最先进的方法是基于从多次运行的数值天气预报模型获得的集合预报的概率方法。然而,集合预报往往未经校准,也可能有偏差,因此需要某种形式的后处理,以提高其预测性能。我们提出了一种新的灵活的机器学习方法来校准风速集合预报,这会导致截断的正态预测分布。在一个案例研究的基础上,100米风速预报的业务集合预报系统的匈牙利气象服务,这种方法的预报技巧进行了比较,三种不同的集合模型输出统计方法和原始集合预报的预测性能。我们发现,与原始集合相比,后处理总是提高点预测的概率和准确性的校准,并且从四种竞争方法中,新的基于机器学习的方法具有最佳的整体性能。

英文摘要:

In the last decades wind power became the second largest energy source in the EU covering 16% of its electricity demand. However, due to its volatility, accurate short range wind power predictions are required for successful integration of wind energy into the electrical grid. Accurate predictions of wind power require accurate hub height wind speed forecasts, where the state of the art method is the probabilistic approach based on ensemble forecasts obtained from multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models. Nonetheless, ensemble forecasts are often uncalibrated and might also be biased, thus require some form of post-processing to improve their predictive performance. We propose a novel flexible machine learning approach for calibrating wind speed ensemble forecasts, which results in a truncated normal predictive distribution. In a case study based on 100m wind speed forecasts produced by the operational ensemble prediction system of the Hungarian Meteorological Service, the forecast skill of this method is compared with the predictive performance of three different ensemble model output statistics approaches and the raw ensemble forecasts. We show that compared with the raw ensemble, post-processing always improves the calibration of probabilistic and accuracy of point forecasts and from the four competing methods the novel machine learning based approach results in the best overall performance.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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