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arXiv 2104.13334cond-mat.stat-mech
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从大偏差理论推导Onsager原理

Derivation of the Onsager Principle from Large Deviation Theory

Brian R. La Cour, William C. Schieve

摘要:

从大偏差理论出发,导出了宏观流动与热力学力之间的Onsager线性关系。对于一组给定的宏观变量,我们考虑近平衡波动的短期演化,表示为有限大小的条件期望的极限。由此产生的渐近条件期望被用来代表系统的典型宏状态,并用于代替通常的时间平均的传统方法的宏状态。通过在短时近平衡极限下展开,将大偏差率函数与热力学熵相等,得到了宏观态的时间变化率与共轭初始宏观态的时间变化率之间的线性关系。一个绿色Kubo公式的Onsager矩阵的推导和证明是半正定的,而Onsager互惠关系很容易遵循时间反演不变性。虽然宏观变量的初始趋势是向平衡态演化,但我们发现这种演化不一定是单调的。一个理想的克努森气体的例子被认为是一个例子。

英文摘要:

The Onsager linear relations between macroscopic flows and thermodynamics forces are derived from the point of view of large deviation theory. For a given set of macroscopic variables, we consider the short-time evolution of near-equilibrium fluctuations, represented as the limit of finite-size conditional expectations. The resulting asymptotic conditional expectation is taken to represent the typical macrostate of the system and is used in place of the usual time-averaged macrostate of traditional approaches. By expanding in the short-time, near-equilibrium limit and equating the large deviation rate function with the thermodynamic entropy, a linear relation is obtained between the time rate of change of the macrostate and the conjugate initial macrostate. A Green-Kubo formula for the Onsager matrix is derived and shown to be positive semi-definite, while the Onsager reciprocity relations readily follow from time reversal invariance. Although the initial tendency of a macroscopic variable is to evolve towards equilibrium, we find that this evolution need not be monotonic. The example of an ideal Knundsen gas is considered as an illustration.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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