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arXiv 2104.09332astro-ph.SR
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快速旋转A型星的第一个射电频谱

The first radio spectrum of a rapidly rotating A-type star

Jacob Aaron White, F. Tapia-Vázquez, A. G. Hughes, A. Moór, B. Matthews, D. Wilner, J. Aufdenberg, O. Fehér, A. M. Hughes, V. De la Luz, A. McNaughton, L. A. Zapata

摘要:

主序星的射电光谱仍然很大程度上不受约束,由于缺乏观测数据,以告知恒星大气模型。因此,对于大多数光谱类型来说,长波长的主要发射机制,它们如何随光谱类型而变化,以及它们对给定无线电波长的预期亮度有多大贡献仍然相对未知。我们目前的无线电连续观测牛郎星,一个快速旋转的A型星。我们在2018年和2019年观察到牛郎星的NOEMA为1.34 mm,2.09 mm和3.22 mm,2019年的VLA为6.7 mm和9.1 mm。在射电光谱中,我们看到毫米波长处的亮度温度最低,然后急剧上升到大于光学光球的温度,这对于A型恒星来说是意想不到的。我们使用这些数据来产生第一个亚毫米到厘米光谱的快速旋转的A型恒星的观测通知。我们生成了PHOENIX和KINICH-PAKAL模型大气,并确定KINICH-PAKAL模型更好地再现了Altair的无线电频谱。合成光谱显示出毫米亮度温度最低值,随后是在厘米波长处超过光球层的显著发射。总之,这些数据和模型显示了A型恒星的无线电频谱如何揭示色球层的存在,可能是由快速旋转引起的,而瑞利·吉恩对恒星光球层的外推并不能充分代表恒星的无线电频谱。

英文摘要:

The radio spectra of main-sequence stars remain largely unconstrained due to the lack of observational data to inform stellar atmosphere models. As such, the dominant emission mechanisms at long wavelengths, how they vary with spectral type, and how much they contribute to the expected brightness at a given radio wavelength are still relatively unknown for most spectral types. We present radio continuum observations of Altair, a rapidly rotating A-type star. We observed Altair with NOEMA in 2018 and 2019 at 1.34 mm, 2.09 mm, and 3.22 mm and with the VLA in 2019 at 6.7 mm and 9.1 mm. In the radio spectra, we see a brightness temperature minimum at millimeter wavelengths followed by a steep rise to temperatures larger than the optical photosphere, behavior that is unexpected for A-type stars. We use these data to produce the first sub-millimeter to centimeter spectrum of a rapidly rotating A-type star informed by observations. We generated both PHOENIX and KINICH-PAKAL model atmospheres and determine the KINICH-PAKAL model better reproduces Altair's radio spectrum. The synthetic spectrum shows a millimeter brightness temperature minimum followed by significant emission over that of the photosphere at centimeter wavelengths. Together, these data and models show how the radio spectrum of an A-type star can reveal the presence of a chromosphere, likely induced by rapid rotation, and that a Rayleigh Jean's extrapolation of the stellar photosphere is not an adequate representation of a star's radio spectrum.

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