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arXiv 2104.08058astro-ph.HE
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超大质量黑洞周围标准薄盘线力驱动的磁流体风。I.弱磁场的情形

Magnetohydrodynamic Winds Driven by the Line Force from the Standard Thin Disk around Supermassive Black Holes. I. The Case of Weak Magnetic Field

Xiao-Hong Yang, Kamarjan Ablimit, Qi-Xiu Li

摘要:

在活动星系核的紫外和X射线光谱中,经常发现具有高蓝移速度的吸收线。这意味着高速风/外流在活动星系核中很常见。为了研究高速风,特别是超快外流(UFO)的形成,我们进行了二维磁流体动力学(MHD)模拟。最初,将磁场设置为弱于磁盘表面处的气体压力。在我们的模拟中,线力像细丝一样作用在区域上,因为来自日冕的X射线辐射被内部区域的致密气体以一定角度屏蔽。暗条的位置随时间变化,然后线驱动风暴露在X射线下,变得高度电离。紫外波段的线力并不直接驱动高度电离风。在时间平均意义下,高速风的性质满足UFO的形成条件。与线力相比,磁场在直接驱动风中的作用可以忽略不计。在MHD模型中,围绕旋转轴的区域成为磁压主导,这阻止了气体向高纬度扩散,从而增强了中低纬度的气柱密度(20 $^{\rm o}$ -70 $^{\rm o}$)。较高的柱密度有助于屏蔽X射线光子,这使得线力在MHD模型中比在流体动力学模型中更有效。在MHD模型中产生了具有更宽张角的更高速度的风。

英文摘要:

Absorption lines with high blue-shifted velocities are frequently found in the ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray spectra of luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This implies that high-velocity winds/outflows are common in AGNs. In order to study the formation of high-velocity winds, especially ultrafast outflows (UFOs), we perform two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Initially, a magnetic field is set to be weaker than the gas pressure at the disk surface. In our simulations, line force operates on the region like filaments because the X-ray radiation from corona is shielded by dense gas in the inner region at some angle. The location of filaments changes with time and then the line-driven winds are exposed to X-ray and become highly ionized. The line force at the UV bands does not directly drive the highly ionized winds. In the sense of time average, the properties of high-velocity winds meet the formation condition of UFOs. Compared with line force, the function of magnetic field is negligible in directly driving winds. In the MHD model, the region around the rotational axis becomes magnetic-pressure dominated, which prevents gases from spreading to higher latitudes and then enhances the gas column density at middle and low latitudes (20$^{\rm o}$--70$^{\rm o}$). Higher column density is helpful to shield X-ray photons, which causes the line force to be more effective in the MHD model than in the hydrodynamic model. Higher-velocity winds with a broader opening angle are produced in the MHD model.

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