戴与不戴面罩呼吸时呼气微粒输运和涡旋动力学的计算研究
A computational study of expiratory particle transport and vortex dynamics during breathing with and without face masks
摘要：
我们提出了高保真的数值模拟呼气生物溶胶运输在正常呼吸室内，停滞空调条件下，有和没有面罩。我们研究了口罩抑制唾液颗粒传播的功效，这是现有社交距离建议的基础。目前的模拟纳入人体解剖学的影响，并考虑范围从0.1微米到10微米的唾液颗粒大小的频谱，同时也占他们的蒸发。这些模拟阐明了人类呼吸的涡度动力学，并表明在没有面罩的情况下，唾液颗粒可以远离人2.2米。然而，非医用级口罩可以大大减少唾液颗粒传播到距离人0.72 m处。这项研究提供了新的定量证据，表明口罩可以成功地抑制唾液颗粒在室内环境中因正常呼吸而传播。
英文摘要：
We present high-fidelity numerical simulations of expiratory biosol transport during normal breathing under indoor, stagnant air conditions with and without a facial mask. We investigate mask efficacy to suppress the spread of saliva particles that is underpinnings existing social distancing recommendations. The present simulations incorporate the effect of human anatomy and consider a spectrum of saliva particulate sizes that ranges from 0.1 micrometers to 10 micrometers while accounting also for their evaporation. The simulations elucidate the vorticity dynamics of human breathing and show that without a facial mask, saliva particulates could travel over 2.2 m away from the person. However, a non-medical grade face mask can drastically reduce saliva particulate propagation to 0.72 m away from the person. This study provides new quantitative evidence that facial masks can successfully suppress the spreading of saliva particulates due to normal breathing in indoor environments.
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