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arXiv 2104.07055astro-ph.CO
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透镜事件中用引力波干涉打破质量片简并

Breaking the mass-sheet degeneracy with gravitational wave interference in lensed events

Paolo Cremonese, Jose María Ezquiaga, Vincenzo Salzano

摘要:

质量片简并是引力透镜中一个众所周知的问题,它限制了我们从观测中推断天体物理透镜性质或宇宙学参数的能力。随着引力波观测数量的增加,探测透镜事件的可能性将越来越大,评估质量片简并如何影响它们至关重要。在这里,我们研究分析和数值如何透镜波形的质量片简并计算放大因子从衍射积分的影响。特别是,我们区分几何光学,波动光学和干涉制度,专注于地面引力波探测器。与电磁辐射的引力透镜的预期一致,我们确认如何,在几何光学的情况下,质量片简并不能被打破只有一个透镜图像。然而,我们发现,在干涉制度,部分在波动光学制度,质量片简并可以打破只有一个透镜波形由于信号的特征干涉图案。最后,我们量化,通过模板匹配,如何以及质量片退化可以被打破。我们发现,在目前的GW检测器的灵敏度和考虑信号的强烈,已经检测到的,质量片简并可能导致$1σ$不确定性的透镜质量的$\sim 12\%$。有了这些值,MSD可能仍然是一个有问题的问题。但是在具有较高信噪比的信号的情况下,不确定性可以下降到$\sim 2\%$,其小于通过动态质量测量实现的当前不确定性。

英文摘要:

The mass-sheet degeneracy is a well-known problem in gravitational lensing which limits our capability to infer astrophysical lens properties or cosmological parameters from observations. As the number of gravitational wave observations grows, detecting lensed events will become more likely, and to assess how the mass-sheet degeneracy may affect them is crucial. Here we study both analytically and numerically how the lensed waveforms are affected by the mass-sheet degeneracy computing the amplification factor from the diffraction integral. In particular, we differentiate between the geometrical optics, wave optics and interference regimes, focusing on ground-based gravitational waves detectors. In agreement with expectations of gravitational lensing of electromagnetic radiation, we confirm how, in the geometrical optics scenario, the mass-sheet degeneracy cannot be broken with only one lensed image. However, we find that in the interference regime, and in part in the wave-optics regime, the mass-sheet degeneracy can be broken with only one lensed waveform thanks to the characteristic interference patterns of the signal. Finally, we quantify, through template matching, how well the mass-sheet degeneracy can be broken. We find that, within present GW detector sensitivities and considering signals as strong as those which have been detected so far, the mass-sheet degeneracy can lead to a $1σ$ uncertainty on the lens mass of $\sim 12\%$. With these values the MSD might still be a problematic issue. But in case of signals with higher signal-to-noise ratio, the uncertainty can drop to $\sim 2\%$, which is less than the current indeterminacy achieved by dynamical mass measurements.

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