arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2104.05928cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
收藏

使用深度Transformer编码器的科学语义图和指标

Semantic maps and metrics for science Semantic maps and metrics for science using deep transformer encoders

QuillBot;University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Santa Fe Institute(圣塔菲研究所)

Brendan Chambers, James Evans

摘要:

越来越多的科学出版物需要文本分析工具,可以帮助科学家和政策制定者导航,预测和有益地指导科学研究。由深度Transformer网络驱动的自然语言理解的最新进展为映射科学提供了新的可能性。由于相同的表面文本可以在不同的研究社区中呈现多种甚至有时是相互矛盾的专业感觉,因此对上下文的敏感性对于信息计量应用至关重要。诸如BERT之类的Transformer嵌入模型捕捉在任何特定单词或文本跨度的不同语言上下文中变化的关联和内涵的阴影。在这里,我们报告了一个程序编码的科学文献与这些工具,测量其改进静态词嵌入在最近邻检索任务。我们发现上下文表征的可辨别性受到用于总结高维网络激活的池化策略的选择的强烈影响。重要的是,我们注意到领域匹配的训练数据等基础知识比最先进的NLP工具更重要。然而,最先进的模式确实带来了巨大的收益。我们研究的最佳方法结合了域匹配预训练,声音池和最先进的深度Transformer网络编码器。最后,为了利用深度编码器的上下文表示,我们提出了一系列用于理解和预测科学研究社区的测量方法。

英文摘要:

The growing deluge of scientific publications demands text analysis tools that can help scientists and policy-makers navigate, forecast and beneficially guide scientific research. Recent advances in natural language understanding driven by deep transformer networks offer new possibilities for mapping science. Because the same surface text can take on multiple and sometimes contradictory specialized senses across distinct research communities, sensitivity to context is critical for infometric applications. Transformer embedding models such as BERT capture shades of association and connotation that vary across the different linguistic contexts of any particular word or span of text. Here we report a procedure for encoding scientific documents with these tools, measuring their improvement over static word embeddings in a nearest-neighbor retrieval task. We find discriminability of contextual representations is strongly influenced by choice of pooling strategy for summarizing the high-dimensional network activations. Importantly, we note that fundamentals such as domain-matched training data are more important than state-of-the-art NLP tools. Yet state-of-the-art models did offer significant gains. The best approach we investigated combined domain-matched pretraining, sound pooling, and state-of-the-art deep transformer network encoders. Finally, with the goal of leveraging contextual representations from deep encoders, we present a range of measurements for understanding and forecasting research communities in science.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑