从量子真空的结构计算其性质
Properties of the quantum vacuum calculated from its structure
摘要：
物理学家对量子真空的性质的推测至少已有85年;然而，直到最近，他们才充分理解量子真空，开始做出可检验的预测。具体来说，利用麦克斯韦方程描述电磁场与带电轻子-反轻子真空涨落的相互作用，可以计算真空的介电常数、真空中的光速和精细结构常数。物理学家现在也开始成功地解决基于量子真空特性的宇宙学问题。术语"真空灾变“和"旧宇宙学问题”分别指真空能量密度和宇宙学常数都比观测值大大约120个数量级的预测。利用量子真空的性质和成熟的物理学，可以证明巨大的真空能量不能将能量传递给正常物质;因此，真空能量既不会对宇宙的能量密度也不会对宇宙学常数产生影响，而宇宙学常数在宇宙的加速膨胀中起着核心作用。
英文摘要：
Physicists have speculated about the properties of the quantum vacuum for at least 85 years; however, only recently have they understood the quantum vacuum sufficiently well to begin making testable predictions. Specifically, using Maxwell's equations to describe the interaction of the electromagnetic field with charged lepton - antilepton vacuum fluctuations, it has been possible to calculate the permittivity of the vacuum, the speed of light in the vacuum, and the fine structure constant. Physicists are now also beginning to successfully address problems in cosmology based on properties of the quantum vacuum. The terms ``vacuum catastrophe'' and ``old cosmological problem'' refer, respectively, to the predictions that the vacuum energy density and the cosmological constant are both approximately 120 orders of magnitude larger than the observed values. Using properties of the quantum vacuum and well-established physics, it is possible to demonstrate that the huge vacuum energy cannot transfer energy to normal matter; accordingly, vacuum energy contributes neither to the observed energy density of the universe nor to the cosmological constant, which plays a central role in the accelerating expansion of the universe.
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