膨胀宇宙中的真空量子涨落能与暗能量
Vacuum quantum fluctuation energy in expanding universe and dark energy
摘要：
本文以普朗克密堆真空模型和宇宙学原理为基础。以普朗克时代为初始条件，并考虑早期暴胀，我们求解了描述宇宙演化的爱因斯坦-弗里德曼方程。其结果是：1）暗能量密度与真空量子涨落能量密度之比为$\frac{{{ρ}_{de}}}{{{ρ}_{vac}}}\sim{{(\frac{{{t}_{P}}}{{{T}_{0}}})}^{2}}\sim{{10}^{-122}} $ ; 2）在暴胀时刻${{t}_{\inf }}={{10}^{-35}}s$，计算出的宇宙辐射能量密度为$ρ({{t}_{\inf }})\sim{{10}^{-16}}{{ρ}_{vac}}$，对应的温度为${{E}_{c}}\sim{{10}^{15}}GeV$，与大统一理论的相变温度一致; 3）以真空为环境的膨胀宇宙是一个不断与真空交换能量的非平衡开放系统;宇宙中的普朗克粒子在膨胀过程中失去了量子涨落能，产生了宇宙膨胀量子宇宙子，宇宙膨胀量子宇宙子的能量是真空量子涨落能的损失部分，对宇宙能量的贡献为${{E}_{\cos mos}}={{10}^{22}}{{M}_{\otimes }}{{c}^{2}}$（其中${{M}_{\otimes }}$是太阳质量）; 4）宇宙总能量，即负引力能量加上正宇宙能量为零; 5）导出了与宇宙子产生有关的负引力势和引力加速度，具有向外排斥力的性质，表明宇宙子可能是暗能量量子的候选者：6）Einstein-Friedman方程的初始Planck时代解和无穷渐近解都是不稳定的：前者趋于膨胀，后者趋于收缩，因此爱因斯坦-弗里德曼宇宙将经历一个连续膨胀和收缩的循环演化。
英文摘要：
This article is based on the Planckon densely piled vacuum model and the principle of cosmology. With the Planck era as initial conditions and including the early inflation, we have solved the Einstein-Friedmann equations to describe the evolution of the universe. The results are: 1) the ratio of the dark energy density to the vacuum quantum fluctuation energy density is $\frac{{{ρ}_{de}}}{{{ρ}_{vac}}}\sim{{(\frac{{{t}_{P}}}{{{T}_{0}}})}^{2}}\sim{{10}^{-122}} $; 2) at the inflation time ${{t}_{\inf }}={{10}^{-35}}s$, the calculated universe radiation energy density is $ρ({{t}_{\inf }})\sim{{10}^{-16}}{{ρ}_{vac}}$ and the corresponding temperature is ${{E}_{c}}\sim{{10}^{15}}GeV$ consistent with the GUT phase transition temperature; 3) the expanding universe with vacuum as its environment is a non-equilibrium open system constantly exchanging energy with vacuum; during its expansion, the Planckons in the universe lose quantum fluctuation energy and create the cosmic expansion quanta-cosmons, the energy of cosmons is the lost part of the vacuum quantum fluctuation energy and contributes to the universe energy with the calculated value ${{E}_{\cos mos}}={{10}^{22}}{{M}_{\otimes }}{{c}^{2}}$ (where ${{M}_{\otimes }}$ is solar mass); 4) the total energy of the universe, namely the negative gravity energy plus the positive universe energy is zero; 5) the negative gravity potential and the gravity acceleration related to the creation of cosmons are derived with the nature of outward repulsive force, indicating that the cosmon may be the candidate of the dark energy quantum; 6) both the initial Planck era solution and the infinite asymptotic solution of the Einstein-Friedman equations are unstable: the former tends to expand and the latter tends to shrink, so that the Einstein-Friedman universe will undergo a cyclic evolution of successive expansion and shrinking.
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