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arXiv 2104.05192stat.MEstat.AP
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基于贝叶斯机器学习的非随机样本推理

Inference from Non-Random Samples Using Bayesian Machine Learning

Yutao Liu, Andrew Gelman, Qixuan Chen

摘要:

我们认为,从非随机样本在数据丰富的设置,高维辅助信息是在样本和目标人群,调查推断是一个特殊的情况下,推断。我们提出了一种正则化的预测方法,使用大量的辅助变量预测人口中的结果,使得可验证性假设是合理的,而贝叶斯框架是直接量化的不确定性。除了辅助变量之外,受Little & An(2004)的启发,我们还通过估计样本中包含的单元的倾向得分来扩展该方法,并将其作为机器学习模型中的预测因子。我们通过模拟研究表明,使用软贝叶斯加性回归树的正则化预测产生有效的推断人口的手段和覆盖率接近名义水平。我们证明了所提出的方法使用两个不同的实际数据应用程序,一个在调查和流行病学研究中的应用。

英文摘要:

We consider inference from non-random samples in data-rich settings where high-dimensional auxiliary information is available both in the sample and the target population, with survey inference being a special case. We propose a regularized prediction approach that predicts the outcomes in the population using a large number of auxiliary variables such that the ignorability assumption is reasonable while the Bayesian framework is straightforward for quantification of uncertainty. Besides the auxiliary variables, inspired by Little & An (2004), we also extend the approach by estimating the propensity score for a unit to be included in the sample and also including it as a predictor in the machine learning models. We show through simulation studies that the regularized predictions using soft Bayesian additive regression trees yield valid inference for the population means and coverage rates close to the nominal levels. We demonstrate the application of the proposed methods using two different real data applications, one in a survey and one in an epidemiology study.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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