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天文学中的贝叶斯推断实用指南

Practical Guidance for Bayesian Inference in Astronomy

Gwendolyn M. Eadie, Joshua S. Speagle, Jessi Cisewski-Kehe, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Daniela Huppenkothen, David E. Jones, Aaron Springford, Hyungsuk Tak

摘要:

在过去的二十年里,贝叶斯推断在天文学中已经变得司空见惯。与此同时,算法的选择,术语,符号和贝叶斯推断的解释从天文学的一个子领域到下一个子领域是不同的,这可能会导致那些学习和熟悉贝叶斯统计的人感到困惑。此外,天文学和统计学文献之间的选择也各不相同。在本文中,我们的目标是双重的:(1)提供一个参考,巩固和澄清跨学科的术语和符号,(2)概述了天文学中的贝叶斯推断的实践指导。突出天文学和统计学文献,我们涵盖的主题,如符号,规范的可能性和先验分布,使用后验分布的推断,和后验预测检查。我们并不打算介绍贝叶斯数据分析的整个领域--相反,我们为已经了解贝叶斯“螺母和螺栓”并希望增加其专业知识和扩展其知识的天文学家提供了一系列有用的实践。此外,随着天体统计学和天体信息学领域的不断发展,我们希望本文将作为一个有用的参考,并作为一个跳跃点,更深入地研究统计学和天体统计学文献。

英文摘要:

In the last two decades, Bayesian inference has become commonplace in astronomy. At the same time, the choice of algorithms, terminology, notation, and interpretation of Bayesian inference varies from one sub-field of astronomy to the next, which can lead to confusion to both those learning and those familiar with Bayesian statistics. Moreover, the choice varies between the astronomy and statistics literature, too. In this paper, our goal is two-fold: (1) provide a reference that consolidates and clarifies terminology and notation across disciplines, and (2) outline practical guidance for Bayesian inference in astronomy. Highlighting both the astronomy and statistics literature, we cover topics such as notation, specification of the likelihood and prior distributions, inference using the posterior distribution, and posterior predictive checking. It is not our intention to introduce the entire field of Bayesian data analysis -- rather, we present a series of useful practices for astronomers who already have an understanding of the Bayesian "nuts and bolts" and wish to increase their expertise and extend their knowledge. Moreover, as the field of astrostatistics and astroinformatics continues to grow, we hope this paper will serve as both a helpful reference and as a jumping off point for deeper dives into the statistics and astrostatistics literature.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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