空间天气：太阳视角-对Schwenn（2006年）的更新
Space weather: the solar perspective -- an update to Schwenn (2006)
摘要：
太阳作为一颗活跃的恒星，是构成行星际空间和影响行星大气的高能现象的驱动者。随着人类航天为月球和火星任务做准备，空间天气对地球和太阳系的影响越来越重要。综述了太阳对空间天气相关现象、日冕物质抛射（CME）、耀斑、太阳高能粒子（SEP）和太阳风流相互作用区（SIR）的影响。随着STEREO任务（2006年发射）的出现，提供了新的视角，首次能够研究日冕结构和三维活动现象的演变。新的成像能力覆盖整个日地距离范围，能够将日冕物质抛射与其行星际对应物（所谓的ICME）无缝连接起来。这大大增加了我们对太阳活动引起的行星际空间动态的知识和了解，并促进了空间天气预报模型的发展。此外，我们正面临着从两项非凡任务（美国宇航局的帕克太阳探测器（2018年发射）和欧洲航天局的太阳轨道飞行器（2020年发射））中收集新数据的挑战，这将在不久的将来提供对太阳风的更详细的见解。从以前从未接触过的观点来观察日冕物质抛射。目前的审查建立在Schwenn从2006年开始的Living Reviews论文的基础上，从太阳的角度更新了空间天气相关的CME耀斑SEP现象，从多个角度观察到它们伴随的太阳表面特征。
英文摘要：
The Sun, as an active star, is the driver of energetic phenomena that structure interplanetary space and affect planetary atmospheres. The effects of Space Weather on Earth and the solar system is of increasing importance as human spaceflight is preparing for lunar and Mars missions. This review is focusing on the solar perspective of the Space Weather relevant phenomena, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, solar energetic particles (SEPs), and solar wind stream interaction regions (SIR). With the advent of the STEREO mission (launched in 2006), literally, new perspectives were provided that enabled for the first time to study coronal structures and the evolution of activity phenomena in three dimensions. New imaging capabilities, covering the entire Sun-Earth distance range, allowed to seamlessly connect CMEs and their interplanetary counterparts measured in-situ (so called ICMEs). This vastly increased our knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of interplanetary space due to solar activity and fostered the development of Space Weather forecasting models. Moreover, we are facing challenging times gathering new data from two extraordinary missions, NASA's Parker Solar Probe (launched in 2018) and ESA's Solar Orbiter (launched in 2020), that will in the near future provide more detailed insight into the solar wind evolution and image CMEs from view points never approached before. The current review builds upon the Living Reviews paper by Schwenn from 2006, updating on the Space Weather relevant CME-flare-SEP phenomena from the solar perspective, as observed from multiple viewpoints and their concomitant solar surface signatures.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
