Real-world machine learning systems need to analyze test data that may differ from training data. In K-way classification, this is crisply formulated as open-set recognition, core to which is the ability to discriminate open-set data outside the K closed-set classes. Two conceptually elegant ideas for open-set discrimination are: 1) discriminatively learning an open-vs-closed binary discriminator by exploiting some outlier data as the open-set, and 2) unsupervised learning the closed-set data distribution with a GAN, using its discriminator as the open-set likelihood function. However, the former generalizes poorly to diverse open test data due to overfitting to the training outliers, which are unlikely to exhaustively span the open-world. The latter does not work well, presumably due to the instable training of GANs. Motivated by the above, we propose OpenGAN, which addresses the limitation of each approach by combining them with several technical insights. First, we show that a carefully selected GAN-discriminator on some real outlier data already achieves the state-of-the-art. Second, we augment the available set of real open training examples with adversarially synthesized "fake" data. Third and most importantly, we build the discriminator over the features computed by the closed-world K-way networks. This allows OpenGAN to be implemented via a lightweight discriminator head built on top of an existing K-way network. Extensive experiments show that OpenGAN significantly outperforms prior open-set methods.
GenRec: Unifying Video Generation and Recognition with Diffusion Models
Fudan University（复旦大学）；University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；Shanghai Key Lab of Intell. Info. Processing（上海智能信息处理重点实验室）；Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing（上海智能视觉计算协同创新中心）
本文提出首个基于 Stable Video Diffusion 的统一框架 GenRec，通过随机帧条件化过程联合优化视频生成与识别，在多个数据集上取得优异性能，并在输入信息有限时表现出色。
College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University（同济大学电子与信息工程学院）；School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学计算机科学学院）
Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have attracted much research attention recently, leading to impressive results for natural image generation. However, to date little success was observed in using GAN generated images for improving classification tasks. Here we attempt to explore, in the context of car license plate recognition, whether it is possible to generate synthetic training data using GAN to improve recognition accuracy. With a carefully-designed pipeline, we show that the answer is affirmative. First, a large-scale image set is generated using the generator of GAN, without manual …
Generating synthetic images is an art which emulates the natural process of image generation in a closest possible manner. In this work, we exploit such a framework for data generation in handwritten domain. We render synthetic data using open source fonts and incorporate data augmentation schemes. As part of this work, we release 9M synthetic handwritten word image corpus which could be useful for training deep network architectures and advancing the performance in handwritten word spotting and recognition tasks.
Technidoo Solutions（Technidoo解决方案公司）；Mongolian University of Science and Technology（蒙古科技大学）
One of the successful early implementation of deep learning AI technology was on letter recognition. With the recent breakthrough of artificial intelligence (AI) brings more solid technology for complex problems like handwritten letter recognition and even automatic generation of them. In this research, we proposed deep learning framework called Ludwig AI Framework(LAIF) for Germany Suetterlin letter recognition and generation. To recognize Suetterlin letter, we proposed deep convolutional neural network. Since lack of big amount of data to train for the deep models and huge cost to label exis…
PVTree: Realistic and Controllable Palm Vein Generation for Recognition Tasks
School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学计算机与信息工程学院）；Tencent Youtu Lab（腾讯优图实验室）；Tencent WeChat Pay Lab（腾讯微信支付实验室）
Hand gestures are a natural means of interaction in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) applications. Recently, there has been an increased focus on removing the dependence of accurate hand gesture recognition on complex sensor setup found in expensive proprietary devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens, Daqri and Meta Glasses. Most such solutions either rely on multi-modal sensor data or deep neural networks that can benefit greatly from abundance of labelled data. Datasets are an integral part of any deep learning based research. They have been the principal reason for the substanti…
Handwritten digit or numeral recognition is one of the classical issues in the area of pattern recognition and has seen tremendous advancement because of the recent wide availability of computing resources. Plentiful works have already done on English, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese handwritten script. Some work on Bangla also have been done but there is space for development. From that angle, in this paper, an architecture has been implemented which achieved the validation accuracy of 99.44% on BHAND dataset and outperforms Alexnet and Inception V3 architecture. Beside digit recognition, digit gen…
The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；ByteDance（字节跳动）
Recent text-to-image generation models have shown promising results in generating high-fidelity photo-realistic images. Though the results are astonishing to human eyes, how applicable these generated images are for recognition tasks remains under-explored. In this work, we extensively study whether and how synthetic images generated from state-of-the-art text-to-image generation models can be used for image recognition tasks, and focus on two perspectives: synthetic data for improving classification models in data-scarce settings (i.e. zero-shot and few-shot), and synthetic data for large-sca…
Traffic light recognition, as a critical component of the perception module of self-driving vehicles, plays a vital role in the intelligent transportation systems. The prevalent deep learning based traffic light recognition methods heavily hinge on the large quantity and rich diversity of training data. However, it is quite challenging to collect data in various rare scenarios such as flashing, blackout or extreme weather, thus resulting in the imbalanced distribution of training data and consequently the degraded performance in recognizing rare classes. In this paper, we seek to improve traff…
State-of-the-art offline handwriting text recognition systems tend to use neural networks and therefore require a large amount of annotated data to be trained. In order to partially satisfy this requirement, we propose a system based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to produce synthetic images of handwritten words. We use bidirectional LSTM recurrent layers to get an embedding of the word to be rendered, and we feed it to the generator network. We also modify the standard GAN by adding an auxiliary network for text recognition. The system is then trained with a balanced combination of …
WordStylist: Styled Verbatim Handwritten Text Generation with Latent Diffusion Models
Luleå University of Technology（吕勒奥理工大学）；National Technical University of Athens（雅典国立技术大学）；Friedrich-Alexander-Universität（弗里德里希-亚历山大大学）；University of West Attica（西阿提卡大学）；University of Ioannina（约阿尼纳大学）
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) were proposed in 2014 by Goodfellow et al., and have since been extended into multiple computer vision applications. This report provides a thorough survey of recent GAN research, outlining the various architectures and applications, as well as methods for training GANs and dealing with latent space. This is followed by a discussion of potential areas for future GAN research, including: evaluating GANs, better understanding GANs, and techniques for training GANs. The second part of this report outlines the compilation of a dataset of images `in the wild' …
Universidad Católica del Maule（马乌莱天主教大学）；Research Center for Advanced Studies of Maule（马乌莱高级研究中心）；Indian Institute of Technology Delhi（印度理工学院德里分校）
With the recent success of computer vision and deep learning, remarkable progress has been achieved on automatic personal recognition using vein biometrics. However, collecting large-scale real-world training data for palm vein recognition has turned out to be challenging, mainly due to the noise and irregular variations included at the time of acquisition. Meanwhile, existing palm vein recognition datasets are usually collected under near-infrared light, lacking detailed annotations on attributes (e.g., pose), so the influences of different attributes on vein recognition have been poorly inve…
LipGen: Viseme-Guided Lip Video Generation for Enhancing Visual Speech Recognition
Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen（哈尔滨工业大学（深圳））；National Institute of Defense Technology Innovation, Academy of Military Sciences（军事科学院国防科技创新研究院）；Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC)（天津人工智能创新中心）
TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology（莱布尼茨科学技术信息中心）；L3S Research Center（L3S研究中心）；Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）
The recognition of handwritten mathematical expressions in images and video frames is a difficult and unsolved problem yet. Deep convectional neural networks are basically a promising approach, but typically require a large amount of labeled training data. However, such a large training dataset does not exist for the task of handwritten formula recognition. In this paper, we introduce a system that creates a large set of synthesized training examples of mathematical expressions which are derived from LaTeX documents. For this purpose, we propose a novel attention-based generative adversarial n…
Advancing Offline Handwritten Text Recognition: A Systematic Review of Data Augmentation and Generation Techniques
Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Centre, University of Kurdistan Hewler（库尔德斯坦胡勒尔大学人工智能与创新中心）；Computer Science and Engineering Department, School of Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler（库尔德斯坦胡勒尔大学科学与工程学院计算机科学与工程系）；School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield（赫德斯菲尔德大学计算与工程学院）；Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Charmo University（查莫大学科学学院计算机科学系）；Software and Informatics Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil（萨拉赫丁大学埃尔比尔工程学院软件与信息技术工程）
Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Expressions (HMEs) is a challenging problem because of the ambiguity and complexity of two-dimensional handwriting. Moreover, the lack of large training data is a serious issue, especially for academic recognition systems. In this paper, we propose pattern generation strategies that generate shape and structural variations to improve the performance of recognition systems based on a small training set. For data generation, we employ the public databases: CROHME 2014 and 2016 of online HMEs. The first strategy employs local and global distortions to gener…
Marrying Text-to-Motion Generation with Skeleton-Based Action Recognition
School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China（东南大学计算机科学与工程学院，南京，中国）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China（东南大学计算机科学与工程学院，南京，中国）
Computer Vision Center, UAB（巴塞罗那自治大学计算机视觉中心）；Helsing AI（赫尔辛人工智能公司）；Digital Research Center of Sfax（斯法克斯数字研究中心）
Low resource Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) is a hard problem due to the scarce annotated data and the very limited linguistic information (dictionaries and language models). For example, in the case of historical ciphered manuscripts, which are usually written with invented alphabets to hide the message contents. Thus, in this paper we address this problem through a data generation technique based on Bayesian Program Learning (BPL). Contrary to traditional generation approaches, which require a huge amount of annotated images, our method is able to generate human-like handwriting using on…
Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of face recognition models against physical adversarial patches, which raises security concerns about the deployed face recognition systems. However, it is still challenging to ensure the reproducibility for most attack algorithms under complex physical conditions, which leads to the lack of a systematic evaluation of the existing methods. It is therefore imperative to develop a framework that can enable a comprehensive evaluation of the vulnerability of face recognition in the physical world. To this end, we propose to simulate the complex transf…
NAVER LABS Europe（NAVER欧洲实验室）；Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学）；Toyota Research Institute（丰田研究院）
Deep learning for human action recognition in videos is making significant progress, but is slowed down by its dependency on expensive manual labeling of large video collections. In this work, we investigate the generation of synthetic training data for action recognition, as it has recently shown promising results for a variety of other computer vision tasks. We propose an interpretable parametric generative model of human action videos that relies on procedural generation and other computer graphics techniques of modern game engines. We generate a diverse, realistic, and physically plausible…
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee（印度理工学院鲁尔基分校）；Institute of Engineering & Management（工程与管理学院）；Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）
This paper presents a novel approach to generate synthetic dataset for handwritten word recognition systems. It is difficult to recognize handwritten scripts for which sufficient training data is not readily available or it may be expensive to collect such data. Hence, it becomes hard to train recognition systems owing to lack of proper dataset. To overcome such problems, synthetic data could be used to create or expand the existing training dataset to improve recognition performance. Any available digital data from online newspaper and such sources can be used to generate synthetic data. In t…
NLPR & CRIPAC, CASIA（中国科学院自动化研究所 国家模式识别实验室与模式识别国家重点实验室与智能感知与计算研究中心）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS（中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心）
Heterogeneous Face Recognition (HFR) is a challenging issue because of the large domain discrepancy and a lack of heterogeneous data. This paper considers HFR as a dual generation problem, and proposes a novel Dual Variational Generation (DVG) framework. It generates large-scale new paired heterogeneous images with the same identity from noise, for the sake of reducing the domain gap of HFR. Specifically, we first introduce a dual variational autoencoder to represent a joint distribution of paired heterogeneous images. Then, in order to ensure the identity consistency of the generated paired h…
Can Tho University（芹苴大学）；University of Colorado, Colorado Springs（科罗拉多大学科罗拉多斯普林斯分校）
This paper discusses a facial expression recognition model and a description generation model to build descriptive sentences for images and facial expressions of people in images. Our study shows that YOLOv5 achieves better results than a traditional CNN for all emotions on the KDEF dataset. In particular, the accuracies of the CNN and YOLOv5 models for emotion recognition are 0.853 and 0.938, respectively. A model for generating descriptions for images based on a merged architecture is proposed using VGG16 with the descriptions encoded over an LSTM model. YOLOv5 is also used to recognize domi…
Shantou University（汕头大学）；Helsing AI（赫尔辛AI）；AllRead MLT（AllRead机器学习技术公司）；Computer Vision Center（计算机视觉中心）；Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学）；omni:us（omni:us公司）
Handwritten Text Recognition has achieved an impressive performance in public benchmarks. However, due to the high inter- and intra-class variability between handwriting styles, such recognizers need to be trained using huge volumes of manually labeled training data. To alleviate this labor-consuming problem, synthetic data produced with TrueType fonts has been often used in the training loop to gain volume and augment the handwriting style variability. However, there is a significant style bias between synthetic and real data which hinders the improvement of recognition performance. To deal w…
Feature Representation Learning with Adaptive Displacement Generation and Transformer Fusion for Micro-Expression Recognition
Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Meta Reality Labs（Meta现实实验室）；OPPO US Research Center, InnoPeak Technology Inc（OPPO美国研究中心，InnoPeak科技公司）；FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd（烽火通信科技股份有限公司）
Siemens Corporate Technology（西门子中央研究院）；Siemens Healthineers（西门子医疗）；Siemens Mobility（西门子交通）；University of Passau（帕绍大学）
Recent progress in computer vision has been dominated by deep neural networks trained over large amounts of labeled data. Collecting such datasets is however a tedious, often impossible task; hence a surge in approaches relying solely on synthetic data for their training. For depth images however, discrepancies with real scans still noticeably affect the end performance. We thus propose an end-to-end framework which simulates the whole mechanism of these devices, generating realistic depth data from 3D models by comprehensively modeling vital factors e.g. sensor noise, material reflectance, su…
A Comparative Study on Synthetic Facial Data Generation Techniques for Face Recognition
Department of Informatics, Federal University of Paraná（帕拉那联邦大学信息学院）；IFMT, Pontes e Lacerda（Pontes e Lacerda 工业技术学院）；UFMG（伯南布哥大学）；Unico IDTech（Unico IDTech 公司）
