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arXiv 2104.02624astro-ph.GA
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VANDELS巡天:3 < z < 5.5正常恒星形成星系中高质量X射线双星总体的新约束

The VANDELS Survey: New constraints on the high-mass X-ray binary populations in normal star-forming galaxies at 3 < z < 5.5

A. Saxena, R. S. Ellis, P. U. Forster, A. Calabro, L. Pentericci, A. C. Carnall, M. Castellano, F. Cullen, A. Fontana, M. Franco, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. Gargiulo, B… 展开作者

A. Saxena, R. S. Ellis, P. U. Forster, A. Calabro, L. Pentericci, A. C. Carnall, M. Castellano, F. Cullen, A. Fontana, M. Franco, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. Gargiulo, B. Garilli, N. P. Hathi, D. J. McLeod, R. Amorin, G. Zamorani

摘要:

我们使用VANDELS光谱数据与$\simeq$ 7 MS Chandra深场南巡天重叠,以扩展对301个正常恒星形成星系中红移范围$3 < z < 5.5$的高质量X射线双星系统(XRB)的研究。我们的分析评估之间的相关性X射线光度($L_X$),恒星形成率(SFR)和恒星金属丰度($Z_\star$),以更高的红移和更广泛的星系属性比迄今为止。使用堆叠分析箱中的红移和SFR源具有强大的光谱红移没有活动星系核签名,我们发现令人信服的演化趋势的比例$L_X$ /SFR的最高红移探测,具有较强的趋势较低的SFR星系。结合我们的数据与已发表的样品在较低的红移,$L_X$ /SFR的$z\simeq5$的演变过程作为$(1 + z)^{1.03 \pm 0.02}$。使用恒星的金属丰度来自光球吸收功能在我们的光谱数据,我们确认在较低的红移$L_X$ /SFR的金属贫星系是较强的迹象。我们使用半解析模型表明,$L_X$ /SFR单独的金属丰度依赖可能不足以完全解释观测到的红移演化的X射线发射的高质量XRB,特别是与SFR $<30$ $M_\odot$年$^{-1}$的星系。我们推测,这种差异可能是由于早期宇宙中整体恒星年龄的减少导致相同金属丰度的$L_X$ /SFR更高。我们使用我们的数据来定义红移相关的贡献XRB的积分X射线光度密度,并在与模型相比,发现高质量XRB的宇宙X射线背景在$z>6$的贡献可能是$\gtrsim 0.25$ dex高于先前估计。

英文摘要:

We use VANDELS spectroscopic data overlapping with the $\simeq$7 Ms Chandra Deep Field South survey to extend studies of high-mass X-ray binary systems (XRBs) in 301 normal star-forming galaxies in the redshift range $3 < z < 5.5$. Our analysis evaluates correlations between X-ray luminosities ($L_X$), star formation rates (SFR) and stellar metallicities ($Z_\star$) to higher redshifts and over a wider range in galaxy properties than hitherto. Using a stacking analysis performed in bins of both redshift and SFR for sources with robust spectroscopic redshifts without AGN signatures, we find convincing evolutionary trends in the ratio $L_X$/SFR to the highest redshifts probed, with a stronger trend for galaxies with lower SFRs. Combining our data with published samples at lower redshift, the evolution of $L_X$/SFR to $z\simeq5$ proceeds as $(1 + z)^{1.03 \pm 0.02}$. Using stellar metallicities derived from photospheric absorption features in our spectroscopic data, we confirm indications at lower redshifts that $L_X$/SFR is stronger for metal-poor galaxies. We use semi-analytic models to show that metallicity dependence of $L_X$/SFR alone may not be sufficient to fully explain the observed redshift evolution of X-ray emission from high-mass XRBs, particularly for galaxies with SFR $<30$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. We speculate that the discrepancy may arise due to reduced overall stellar ages in the early Universe leading to higher $L_X$/SFR for the same metallicity. We use our data to define the redshift-dependent contribution of XRBs to the integrated X-ray luminosity density and, in comparison with models, find that the contribution of high-mass XRBs to the cosmic X-ray background at $z>6$ may be $\gtrsim 0.25$ dex higher than previously estimated.

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