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arXiv 2104.00503astro-ph.EPphysics.ao-phphysics.geo-ph
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在北火星极涡的结构和变率中潜热加热和尘埃的作用

The roles of latent heating and dust in the structure and variability of the northern Martian polar vortex

E. R. Ball, D. M. Mitchell, W. J. M. Seviour, S. I. Thomson, G. K. Vallis

摘要:

火星冬季极涡的位涡结构是环形的,这是观测、再分析和一些数值模拟中发现的现象。最近的一些模拟研究提出,大气二氧化碳在冬季极地的冷凝是通过释放潜热维持环的一个因素。沙尘和地形强迫也是极涡内部和年际变化的原因。然而,这些因素之间的耦合仍然是不确定的,和以前的研究,其对涡旋结构和变化的影响在很大程度上限于一个单一的火星全球气候模式(MGCM)。在这里,通过进一步开发一种新的MGCM,我们分解的相对作用的潜热和灰尘的驱动程序的变化和结构的火星北部极地涡旋。我们还考虑了火星地形如何修改驾驶反应。还通过分析再分析数据集,我们表明,有显着的依赖性极涡结构和变异的观测同化。在模式和再分析中,高大气尘埃负荷(如全球沙尘暴期间所见)可以破坏涡旋,导致中低高度(> 0.1 hPa)PV的破坏,并显着降低空间和时间的涡旋变率。通过我们的模拟,我们发现,尘埃和地形的组合主要驱动整个火星年的涡旋活动,虽然潜热释放可以产生一个环形涡旋,它有一个相对较小的影响涡旋的变化。

英文摘要:

The winter polar vortices on Mars are annular in terms of their potential vorticity (PV) structure, a phenomenon identified in observations, reanalysis and some numerical simulations. Some recent modeling studies have proposed that condensation of atmospheric carbon dioxide at the winter pole is a contributing factor to maintaining the annulus through the release of latent heat. Dust and topographic forcing are also known to be causes of internal and interannual variability in the polar vortices. However, coupling between these factors remains uncertain, and previous studies of their impact on vortex structure and variability have been largely limited to a single Martian global climate model (MGCM). Here, by further developing a novel MGCM, we decompose the relative roles of latent heat and dust as drivers for the variability and structure of the northern Martian polar vortex. We also consider how Martian topography modifies the driving response. By also analyzing a reanalysis dataset we show that there is significant dependence in the polar vortex structure and variability on the observations assimilated. In both model and reanalysis, high atmospheric dust loading (such as that seen during a global dust storm) can disrupt the vortex, cause the destruction of PV in the low-mid altitudes (> 0.1 hPa), and significantly reduce spatial and temporal vortex variability. Through our simulations, we find that the combination of dust and topography primarily drives the eddy activity throughout the Martian year, and that although latent heat release can produce an annular vortex, it has a relatively minor effect on vortex variability.

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