在与外来表面隔离的搅动的火星尘埃模拟物中火花放电的探测
Detection of spark discharges in an agitated Mars dust simulant isolated from foreign surfaces
摘要：
从海盗号登陆器时代开始的许多实验室实验都报告说，火星模拟尘埃颗粒之间的摩擦相互作用可以催化静电过程（即摩擦起电）。这些发现被引用来表明火星尘卷风和尘暴可能会维持闪电风暴、辉光放电和其他复杂的静电现象。然而，在许多情况下（如果不是大多数情况下），这些实验允许火星尘埃模拟颗粒接触外来表面（例如，环境室的墙壁或其他化学性质不同的颗粒）。一些作者指出，这种相互作用可能会产生充电，这并不代表火星表面附近发生的过程。在这项工作中，我们的实验特性的摩擦带电的火星尘埃模拟产生的孤立粒子粒子碰撞和粒子壁碰撞下模拟火星环境。首次，我们报告的直接检测火花放电在火星表面条件下的流动组成的天然玄武岩和人造表面隔离。流化颗粒获得的电荷密度约为10^-6 Cm^-2（超过了火星近地表环境的理论最大电荷密度）。此外，我们证明了模拟粒子与实验壁的相互作用可以调制火花放电的极性。我们的工作支持的想法，小规模的火花放电可能确实存在于火星颗粒流，并可能在定性上类似于陆地火山喷口的小规模放电。
英文摘要：
Numerous laboratory experiments, starting in the Viking Lander era, have reported that frictional interactions between Martian analog dust grains can catalyze electrostatic processes (i.e. triboelectrification). Such findings have been cited to suggest that Martian dust devils and dust storms may sustain lightning storms, glow discharges, and other complex electrostatic phenomena. However, in many cases (if not most), these experiments allowed Martian dust simulant grains to contact foreign surfaces (for instance, the wall of an environmental chamber or other chemically dissimilar particles). A number of authors have noted that such interactions could produce charging that is not representative of processes occurring near the surface of Mars. In this work, we experimentally characterize the triboelectrification of a Martian dust simulant resulting from both isolated particle-particle collisions and particle-wall collisions under a simulated Martian environment. For the first time, we report the direct detection of spark discharges under Martian surface conditions in a flow composed solely of natural basalt and isolated from man-made surfaces. The charge densities acquired by the fluidized grains are found to be of order 10^-6 Cm^-2 (in excess of the theoretical maximum charge density for the near-surface Martian environment). Additionally, we demonstrate that the interaction of simulant particles with experimental walls can modulate the polarity of spark discharges. Our work supports the idea that small-scale spark discharges may indeed be present in Martian granular flows and may be qualitatively similar to small-scale discharges in terrestrial volcanic vents.
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