arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2103.17098cs.RO
收藏

遍历模仿:从做什么和不做什么中学习

Ergodic imitation: Learning from what to do and what not to do

Northwestern University(西北大学)

Aleksandra Kalinowska, Ahalya Prabhakar, Kathleen Fitzsimons, Todd Murphey

摘要:

随着越来越多的人使用多功能机器人技术,最终用户能够在不需要编码控制策略的情况下教授机器人任务是有益的。一种可能性是通过成功的任务执行来教导机器人。然而,任务的接近最佳的演示可能难以提供,并且即使成功的演示也可能无法捕获对强大的技能复制至关重要的任务方面。在这里,我们提出了一个示教学习(LfD)的方法,使学习强大的任务定义,而不需要接近最佳的示范。我们提出了一种新的算法框架,学习任务的遍历度量的基础上-在运动中的信息内容的测量。此外,我们利用负面示范-示范什么不做-并表明,他们可以帮助弥补不完美的示范,减少所需的演示数量,并突出关键的任务元素,提高机器人的性能。在一个概念验证的例子中,我们证明了单靠消极的示范就足以成功地学习和重新创造一种技能。通过一项有24名参与者的人类受试者研究,我们表明,从积极和消极的组合(posneg)演示中可以捕捉到更多的信息,而不是从相同数量的积极演示中。最后,我们展示了我们的学习方法的模拟任务的目标达到和表清洁与7自由度弗兰卡手臂。我们的结果指向未来与强大的,数据高效的LfD新手用户。

英文摘要:

With growing access to versatile robotics, it is beneficial for end users to be able to teach robots tasks without needing to code a control policy. One possibility is to teach the robot through successful task executions. However, near-optimal demonstrations of a task can be difficult to provide and even successful demonstrations can fail to capture task aspects key to robust skill replication. Here, we propose a learning from demonstration (LfD) approach that enables learning of robust task definitions without the need for near-optimal demonstrations. We present a novel algorithmic framework for learning tasks based on the ergodic metric -- a measure of information content in motion. Moreover, we make use of negative demonstrations -- demonstrations of what not to do -- and show that they can help compensate for imperfect demonstrations, reduce the number of demonstrations needed, and highlight crucial task elements improving robot performance. In a proof-of-concept example of cart-pole inversion, we show that negative demonstrations alone can be sufficient to successfully learn and recreate a skill. Through a human subject study with 24 participants, we show that consistently more information about a task can be captured from combined positive and negative (posneg) demonstrations than from the same amount of just positive demonstrations. Finally, we demonstrate our learning approach on simulated tasks of target reaching and table cleaning with a 7-DoF Franka arm. Our results point towards a future with robust, data-efficient LfD for novice users.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑