基于可控不变性的相干增强实验量子相位鉴别
Experimental quantum phase discrimination enhanced by controllable indistinguishability-based coherence
摘要：
量子相干性是量子力学的一个基本特征，是量子信息处理的重要资源。相干对于非全同粒子和全同粒子来说，是以一种根本不同的方式出现的，因为对后者来说，存在着一种独特的贡献，这种贡献与非全同粒子不可能出现的不相容性有关。我们通过光学装置实验证明了这种对量子相干性的额外贡献，表明其量直接取决于不可分辨性的程度，并利用它来运行量子相位鉴别协议。此外，所设计的设置允许用光子模拟费米子粒子，从而评估粒子统计（玻色子或费米子）在相干生成和利用中的作用。我们的实验证明，独立不可分辨粒子可以为量子精密测量提供一个可控的相干源。
英文摘要：
Quantum coherence, a basic feature of quantum mechanics residing in superpositions of quantum states, is a resource for quantum information processing. Coherence emerges in a fundamentally different way for nonidentical and identical particles, in that for the latter a unique contribution exists linked to indistinguishability which cannot occur for nonidentical particles. We experimentally demonstrate by an optical setup this additional contribution to quantum coherence, showing that its amount directly depends on the degree of indistinguishability and exploiting it to run a quantum phase discrimination protocol. Furthermore, the designed setup allows for simulating Fermionic particles with photons, thus assessing the role of particle statistics (Bosons or Fermions) in coherence generation and utilization. Our experiment proves that independent indistinguishable particles can supply a controllable resource of coherence for quantum metrology.
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