The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, No evidence for a super-Earth in a 2-day orbit around GJ 1151
M. Perger, I. Ribas, G. Anglada-Escudé, J. C. Morales, P. J. Amado, J. A. Caballero, A. Quirrenbach, A. Reiners, V. J. S. Béjar, S. Dreizler, D. Galadí-Enríquez… 展开作者
M. Perger, I. Ribas, G. Anglada-Escudé, J. C. Morales, P. J. Amado, J. A. Caballero, A. Quirrenbach, A. Reiners, V. J. S. Béjar, S. Dreizler, D. Galadí-Enríquez, A. P. Hatzes, Th. Henning, S. V. Jeffers, A. Kaminski, M. Kürster, M. Lafarga, D. Montes, E. Palé, C. Rodríguez-López, A. Schweitzer, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, M. Zechmeister
The interaction between Earth-like exoplanets and the magnetic field of low-mass host stars are considered to produce weak emission signals at radio frequencies. A study using LOFAR data announced the detection of radio emission from the mid M-type dwarf GJ 1151 that could potentially arise from a close-in terrestrial planet. Recently, the presence of a 2.5-Me planet orbiting GJ 1151 with a 2-day period has been claimed using 69 radial velocities (RVs) from the HARPS-N and HPF instruments. We have obtained 70 new high-precision RV measurements in the framework of the CARMENES M-dwarf survey and use these data to confirm the presence of the claimed planet and to place limits on possible planetary companions in the GJ 1151 system. We analyse the periodicities present in the combined RV data sets from all three instruments and calculate the detection limits for potential planets in short-period orbits. We cannot confirm the recently-announced candidate planet and conclude that the 2-day signal in the HARPS-N and HPF data sets is most probably produced by a long-term RV variability possibly arising from an outer planetary companion yet unconstrained. We calculate a 99.9% significance detection limit of 1.50 ms-1 in the RV semi-amplitude, which places upper limits of 0.7 Me and 1.2 Me to the minimum masses of any potential exoplanets with orbital periods of 1 and 5 days, respectively.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A homogeneous catalogue of projected rotational velocities accounting for limb-darkening
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所,西班牙高等科学研究委员会);INAF- Palermo Astronomical Observatory(意大利国家天体物理研究所巴勒莫天文台);Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen(哥廷根大学天体物理学与地球物理学研究所);Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心,西班牙高等科学研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所);Universidad de Granada(格拉纳达大学);Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学天文学中心州立天文台)
提出一种结合真实临边昏暗模型的过采样卷积方法,从 CARMENES 光谱精确测量 M 矮星的投影自转速度,构建了目前最大的均匀星表,测量精度显著优于文献。
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Detection of a mini-Neptune around LSPM J2116+0234 and refinement of orbital parameters of a super-Earth around GJ 686 (BD+18 3421)
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Dynamical characterization of the multiple planet system GJ 1148 and prospects of habitable exomoons around GJ 1148 b
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Variability of the He I line at 10830 Å
He I红外三重态(10830)被认为是太阳型恒星的活动指标,并已成为系外行星透射光谱学的主要诊断指标。He I线是恒星过渡区和日冕极紫外辐射的示踪线。利用位于Calar Alto的CARMENES高分辨率光学和近红外光谱仪获得的319颗M~矮星的光谱时间序列,研究了He I红外三重线的变化。我们在18%的样本星中检测到He I红外线的变化,所有这些样本星都显示出H $α$的发射。因此,我们发现可检测到的He I红外线的变化在78%的子样本的恒星H $α$发射。可检测到的变化强烈集中在最新的光谱子类型,其中,他我的红外线在静止期间通常是弱的。对于早于M3.0 V的恒星,具有可检测到的He I IR变化的恒星比例仍然低于10%,而对于较晚的光谱子类型,其比例超过30%。耀斑伴随着特别明显的谱线变化,包括红色和蓝色不对称的强烈增宽谱线。然而,我们也发现了增强的He I IR吸收的证据,这可能与耀斑发作时高能辐照水平的增加有关。通常,He IR和H $α$线变化倾向于相关,其中H $α$是伪等效宽度变化方面最敏感的指示器。这使得He I IR三重态成为行星透射光谱学的有利目标。
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Revisiting the GJ 581 multi-planetary system with new Doppler measurements from CARMENES, HARPS, and HIRES
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD~Leonis -- A test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)
CARMENES仪器被设想为提供长期稳定的高精度径向速度(RV)测量,以寻找附近冷恒星样本周围的温带岩石行星。宽波长覆盖范围旨在提供一系列恒星活动指标,以评估潜在RV信号的性质,并提供有价值的光谱信息,以帮助确定恒星目标。CARMENES数据发布1(DR 1)公开了CARMENES保证时间观测期间获得的所有观测结果,这些观测从2016年到2020年,收集了362个目标样本的19,633个光谱。CARMENES调查目标选择的目的是最大限度地减少偏差,大约70%的已知M矮星在10 pc范围内,可以从Calar Alto进入。这些数据经过流水线处理,得出了高级数据产品,包括345个目标的18 642个精确的RV。还获得了光谱活性指标的时间序列数据。我们讨论的CARMENES数据的特点,恒星样品的统计特性,光谱测量。我们展示了使用CARMENES数据的例子,并提供了调查揭示的系外行星种群的背景视图,包括33颗新行星,17颗重新分析的行星和26颗来自过境候选后续行动的确认行星。238个目标的子样本被用来得出更新的行星出现率,产生了1.44+/-0.20颗行星的总体平均值,每个恒星1 M_Earth < M sin i < 1000 M_Earth和1 d < P_orb < 1000 d,这表明几乎每个M矮星都至少有一颗行星。CARMENES的数据已被证明对识别和测量行星伴侣以及其他应用非常…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Radial velocities and activity indicators from cross-correlation functions with weighted binary masks
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Telluric absorption corrected high S/N optical and near-infrared template spectra of 382 M dwarf stars
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Spectroscopic orbits of nine M-dwarf multiple systems, including two triples, two brown dwarf candidates, and one close M-dwarf-white dwarf binary
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The warm super-Earths in twin orbits around the mid-type M dwarfs Ross 1020 (GJ 3779) and LP 819-052 (GJ 1265)
我们宣布发现了两颗围绕低质量恒星Ross 1020(GJ 3779,M4.0V)和LP 819-052(GJ 1265,M4.5V)运行的行星伴星。这一发现是基于对CARMENES视向速度观测的分析,作为其对M矮星周围系外行星调查的一部分。在GJ 1265的情况下,CARMENES观测得到了HARPS公开提供的多普勒测量的补充。这些数据显示,每颗恒星都有一颗行星伴星,它们具有非常相似的性质:在低偏心率轨道上的$8.0\pm0.5$ M $_{\oplus}$和$7.4\pm0.5$ M $_{\oplus}$的最小质量,GJ 3779 b和GJ 1265 b的周期分别为$3.023\pm0.001$ d和$3.651\pm0.001$ d。在径向速度资料中发现的三天左右的周期信号在任何光谱活动指标中都没有对应。此外,我们收集了两颗主星的光度数据,证实了在95 d左右发现的额外多普勒变化可以归因于恒星的旋转。在M矮星周围的已知行星的质量周期图中添加这些行星表明在2-5 M $_{\oplus}$范围内缺乏短周期低质量行星的双峰分布。它还表明,目前通过径向速度和凌日技术在M星周围探测到的超级地球(> 5 M $_{\oplus}$)通常是在由一颗行星主导的系统中发现的。
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two planets on the opposite sides of the radius gap transiting the nearby M dwarf LTT 3780
We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d ~ 22 pc), bright (J ~ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI-732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise radial velocities measured with the CARMENES spectrograph. Precise stellar parameters determined from CARMENES high resolution spectra confirm that LTT 3780 is a mid-M dwarf with an effective temperature of T_eff = 3360 +\- 51 K, a surface gravity of log(…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. The He I infrared triplet lines in PHOENIX models of M2-3 V stars
He I红外线在真空波长10833 A处是研究恒星和绕其运行的行星大气的诊断线。我们首次研究了M型矮星色球模型中He I红外线的行为,M型矮星的色球密度大得多,可能有利于能级粒子数的碰撞,而光电离和复合被认为是太阳型恒星中的主导因素。为此目的,我们使用已公布的PHOENIX模型的光谱类型M2 V和M3 V的恒星,并计算新的一系列模型与不同水平的活动后,开发的情况下,太阳的一个分析。我们进行了详细的分析,在这些模型中的He I IR线的行为。我们评估的线与其他色球线,也极紫外(EUV)辐射场的影响。作为相应的EUV辐射场强度的函数的He I IR线强度的分析表明,光电离和重组的机制是必要的,以形成非活性模型的线,而碰撞开始发挥作用,在我们最活跃的模型。此外,公布的模型集,这是优化的Na I D2,H $α$,和最蓝的Ca II红外三重线的范围内,给出了足够的预测的He I红外线的恒星样本的大多数恒星。因为特别是最不活跃的恒星与弱的He I IR线是最适合我们的模型,似乎我们的假设的一个单一的非活跃组件的100%填充因子不再适用于这些恒星。
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Revisiting the GJ 317, GJ 463, and GJ 3512 systems and two newly discovered planets orbiting GJ 9773 and GJ 508.2
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems