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arXiv 2103.09846quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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在量子计算机上用涨落关系计算自由能

Computing Free Energies with Fluctuation Relations on Quantum Computers

Lindsay Bassman, Katherine Klymko, Diyi Liu, Norman M. Tubman, Wibe A. de Jong

摘要:

涨落关系允许从非平衡动力学模拟的集合计算平衡性质,如自由能。然而,量子系统的计算可能很困难,因为在经典计算机上执行此类系统的动态模拟是指数级的困难。量子计算机可以缓解这一障碍,因为它们可以有效地模拟量子系统。在这里,我们提出了一个算法,利用称为Jarzynski等式的波动关系,以近似量子计算机上的量子系统的自由能差。我们讨论在哪些条件下我们的近似成为准确的,在哪些条件下,它作为一个严格的上限。此外,我们成功地证明了我们的算法的概念证明,使用横向场伊辛模型在一个真正的量子处理器。自由能是一个中心的热力学性质,它允许人们计算物理系统的几乎任何平衡性质。因此,随着量子硬件的不断改进,我们的算法可能会在广泛的应用中成为一个有价值的工具,包括构建相图,预测传输特性和反应常数,以及未来的计算机辅助药物设计。

英文摘要:

Fluctuation relations allow for the computation of equilibrium properties, like free energy, from an ensemble of non-equilibrium dynamics simulations. Computing them for quantum systems, however, can be difficult, as performing dynamic simulations of such systems is exponentially hard on classical computers. Quantum computers can alleviate this hurdle, as they can efficiently simulate quantum systems. Here, we present an algorithm utilizing a fluctuation relation known as the Jarzynski equality to approximate free energy differences of quantum systems on a quantum computer. We discuss under which conditions our approximation becomes exact, and under which conditions it serves as a strict upper bound. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate a proof-of-concept of our algorithm using the transverse field Ising model on a real quantum processor. The free energy is a central thermodynamic property that allows one to compute virtually any equilibrium property of a physical system. Thus, as quantum hardware continues to improve, our algorithm may serve as a valuable tool in a wide range of applications including the construction of phase diagrams, prediction of transport properties and reaction constants, and computer-aided drug design in the future.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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