In this paper, we address the representation of coordinate constructions in Enhanced Universal Dependencies (UD), where relevant dependency links are propagated from conjunction heads to other conjuncts. English treebanks for enhanced UD have been created from gold basic dependencies using a heuristic rule-based converter, which propagates only core arguments. With the aim of determining which set of links should be propagated from a semantic perspective, we create a large-scale dataset of manually edited syntax graphs. We identify several systematic errors in the original data, and propose to also propagate adjuncts. We observe high inter-annotator agreement for this semantic annotation task. Using our new manually verified dataset, we perform the first principled comparison of rule-based and (partially novel) machine-learning based methods for conjunction propagation for English. We show that learning propagation rules is more effective than hand-designing heuristic rules. When using automatic parses, our neural graph-parser based edge predictor outperforms the currently predominant pipelinesusing a basic-layer tree parser plus converters.
PERCEPT: A Corpus for POS Tagging and Analysis of Persian-English Code-Mixing
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran(德黑兰大学工程学院电气与计算机工程学院);School of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran(德黑兰大学工程学院工程科学学院);Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies, Khatam University(哈塔米大学德黑兰高级研究所)
APPSI-139: A Parallel Corpus of English Application Privacy Policy Summarization and Interpretation
Tianjin University(天津大学);Zhejiang University(浙江大学);North University of China(北方工业大学);Institute of Science Tokyo(东京科学研究所);The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(香港理工大学);Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security(杭州高新技术区(滨江)区块链与数据安全研究院)
Harbin Institute of Technology(哈尔滨工业大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Georgetown University(乔治敦大学);University of Washington(华盛顿大学)
我们研究的问题,分析推文与普遍的一致性。我们扩展了UD准则,以涵盖影响标记化,词性标记和标记依赖关系的推文中的特殊结构。使用扩展的指导方针,我们创建了一个新的英语tweet树库(Tweebank v2),比Kong et al.(2014)介绍的(未标记的)Tweebank v1大四倍。我们的注释者之间的分歧的特点,并表明,这是具有挑战性的,以提供一致的注释,由于在理解和解释推文的模糊性。尽管如此,使用新的树库,我们构建了一个管道系统来将原始推文解析为UD。为了在不牺牲计算效率的情况下克服注释噪声,我们提出了一种新的方法,将20个基于转换的解析器的集合提取为一个。我们的解析器在LAS中实现了2.2的改进,并且在准确性和速度方面优于其他树库上最先进的解析器。
University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学);Shahid Beheshti University(沙希德·贝赫什蒂大学);Shiraz University(设拉子大学);Sobhe(Sobhe(公司)/索比(公司)(注:原机构名Sobhe未明确类型,按常见处理为公司))
我们描述了一种自动方法,用于将波斯Dependencies Treebank(Rasooli et al,2013)转换为Universal Dependencies。这个树库包含29107个句子。我们的实验以及人工语言分析表明,我们的数据比乌普萨拉波斯语通用从属树库更符合通用从属关系(Seraji等人,2016),规模更大,词汇更多样。我们的数据在监督解析中带来了85.2的标记附件F分数。我们的去词汇化的波斯语到英语的解析器迁移实验表明,在我们的数据上训练的解析模型比Seraji et al.(2016)在标记附件得分方面绝对准确约2%。