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arXiv 2103.08755astro-ph.SR
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来自风不稳定性的热星中的随机光变化:寻找光度特征和对TESS数据的检验

Stochastic light variations in hot stars from wind instability: Finding photometric signatures and testing against the TESS data

Jiri Krticka, Achim Feldmeier

摘要:

线驱动的风不稳定性预计会导致小尺度风的不均匀性,X射线发射和风线廓线的变化。不稳定性已经可以发展周围的音速点,如果它开始接近光球由于随机湍流运动。在这种情况下,由于风的覆盖,它可能会在光变曲线上留下印记。我们研究了线驱动风不稳定性的光度特征。我们使用线驱动的风不稳定性模拟来确定靠近恒星的风的变化。我们应用了两种类型的边界扰动:正弦的,使我们能够详细研究的发展的不稳定性和随机的朗之万过程,提供了一个更现实的边界扰动。我们估计的光度变化,由此产生的质量通量的变化。假设风由大量独立的锥形风扇区组成,模拟了变率。我们比较了模拟的光变曲线与TESS光变曲线的OB星,表现出随机变化。我们发现两个典型的签名线驱动的风不稳定的光度数据:膝盖的幅度波动的功率谱,这似乎是由于吞没的小尺度结构的较大的结构,和负偏度的波动分布,这是由于空间优势的稀薄区域。即使将独立风电部门的光变曲线结合起来,这些特征也仍然存在。OB星的随机光度变化具有一定的线驱动风不稳定性的签名。观测到的光度数据的分布函数显示负偏度和光变曲线的一小部分的功率谱表现出膝盖。这可以解释为随机基底扰动触发的线驱动风不稳定性的结果。

英文摘要:

Line-driven wind instability is expected to cause small-scale wind inhomogeneities, X-ray emission, and wind line profile variability. The instability can already develop around the sonic point if it is initiated close to the photosphere due to stochastic turbulent motions. In such cases, it may leave its imprint on the light curve as a result of wind blanketing. We study the photometric signatures of the line-driven wind instability. We used line-driven wind instability simulations to determine the wind variability close to the star. We applied two types of boundary perturbations: a sinusoidal one that enables us to study in detail the development of the instability and a stochastic one given by a Langevin process that provides a more realistic boundary perturbation. We estimated the photometric variability from the resulting mass-flux variations. The variability was simulated assuming that the wind consists of a large number of independent conical wind sectors. We compared the simulated light curves with TESS light curves of OB stars that show stochastic variability. We find two typical signatures of line-driven wind instability in photometric data: a knee in the power spectrum of magnitude fluctuations, which appears due to engulfment of small-scale structure by larger structures, and a negative skewness of the distribution of fluctuations, which is the result of spatial dominance of rarefied regions. These features endure even when combining the light curves from independent wind sectors. The stochastic photometric variability of OB stars bears certain signatures of the line-driven wind instability. The distribution function of observed photometric data shows negative skewness and the power spectra of a fraction of light curves exhibit a knee. This can be explained as a result of the line-driven wind instability triggered by stochastic base perturbations.

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