量子密钥分发的循环差分相移协议：理论与实验
Round-robin differential phase-time-shifting protocol for quantum key distribution: theory and experiment
摘要：
量子密钥分发（QKD）允许在远程方之间建立公共密码密钥。过去引入的许多QKD协议涉及监测通信线路上的信号干扰的挑战，以便评估对潜在窃听者的信息泄漏。最近，已经提出了一种QKD协议，该协议避免了对监测信号干扰的需要，并在初始实验中得到了证明。在这里，我们提出了一个新版本的所谓的循环差分相移（RRDPS）协议，其中时间和相位自由度都被用来扩大希尔伯特空间维数，而不增加实验的复杂性或放松安全假设。我们推导出的安全性证明的循环差分相位时间移位（RRDPTS）协议在集体攻击的情况下，并基准新的协议对RRDPS不同的实验参数。此外，RRDPTS协议的概念验证实验，使用弱相干脉冲和诱饵状态的方法，证明了超过80公里的光纤链路。结果表明，在高量子比特误码率的情况下，RRDPTS协议可以获得比RRDPS协议更高的密钥速率。
英文摘要：
Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows the establishment of common cryptographic keys among distant parties. Many of the QKD protocols that were introduced in the past involve the challenge of monitoring the signal disturbance over the communication line, in order to evaluate the information leakage to a potential eavesdropper. Recently, a QKD protocol that circumvents the need for monitoring signal disturbance, has been proposed and demonstrated in initial experiments. Here, we propose a new version of this so-called round-robin differential phase-shifting (RRDPS) protocol, in which both time and phase degrees-of-freedom are utilized to enlarge the Hilbert space dimensionality, without increasing experimental complexity or relaxing security assumptions. We derive the security proofs of the round-robin differential phase-time-shifting (RRDPTS) protocol in the collective attack scenario and benchmark the new protocol against RRDPS for different experimental parameters. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept experiment of the RRDPTS protocol, using weak coherent pulses and decoy-state method, is demonstrated over 80 km of fiber link. Our results show that the RRDPTS protocol can achieve higher secret key rate in comparison with the RRDPS, in the condition of high quantum bit error rate.
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