基于EOS的多相格子玻尔兹曼方法对肺气道再开放的数值模拟
Numerical simulation of pulmonary airway reopening by the EOS-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann method
摘要：
气溶胶的形成与肺气道重新开放过程中液体塞的破裂有关。这个过程的流体动力学很难预测，因为破裂涉及复杂的液-气转变。状态方程在气液相变的热力学过程中起着关键作用。在这里，我们提出了一个基于EOS的多相格子玻尔兹曼模型，其中的非理想力直接评估EOS。该多相模型用于模拟肺气道重新开放并研究呼气过程中的气溶胶形成。数值模型首先验证了Fujioka等人的模拟。（2008年）。并且结果与他们的研究合理地一致。此外，还对有气溶胶形成和无气溶胶形成两种情况下的破裂进行了对比分析。结果表明，气溶胶对上皮细胞的损伤与无气溶胶时基本相同，即使气道压降增加约67%。通过数值模拟，研究了压降、液塞厚度和液膜厚度对气溶胶粒径和机械应力的影响。结果表明，随着压降的增大和液塞厚度的减小，气溶胶粒径和机械应力增大;随着液膜厚度的减小，气溶胶粒径和机械应力减小。本多相模型可以扩展到研究携带流感病毒或冠状病毒生物颗粒的生物气溶胶的产生和传播。
英文摘要：
The aerosol formation is associated with the rupture of the liquid plug during the pulmonary airway reopening. The fluid dynamics of this process is difficult to predict because the rupture involved complex liquid-gas transition. Equation of state (EOS) plays a key role in the thermodynamic process of liquid-gas transition. Here, we propose an EOS-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, in which the nonideal force is directly evaluated by EOSs. This multiphase model is used to model the pulmonary airway reopening and study aerosol formation during exhalation. The numerical model is first validated with the simulations of Fujioka et al.(2008). and the result is in reasonable agreement with their study. Furthermore, two rupture cases with and without aerosol formation are contrasted and analyzed. It is found that the injury on the epithelium in the case with aerosol formation is essentially the same that of without aerosol formation even while the pressure drop in airway increases by about 67%. Then extensive simulations are performed to investigate the effects of pressure drop, thickness of liquid plug and film on aerosol size and the mechanical stresses. The results show that aerosol size and the mechanical stresses increase as the pressure drop enlarges and thickness of liquid plug become thicken, while aerosol size and the mechanical stresses decrease as thickness of liquid film is thicken. The present multiphase model can be extended to study the generation and transmission of bioaerosols which can carry the bioparticles of influenza or coronavirus.
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