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arXiv 2103.02608astro-ph.HE
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大质量双星和宇宙演化对引力波观测的影响I:黑洞-中子星并合

Impact of Massive Binary Star and Cosmic Evolution on Gravitational Wave Observations I: Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers

Floor S. Broekgaarden, Edo Berger, Coenraad J. Neijssel, Alejandro Vigna-Gómez, Debatri Chattopadhyay, Simon Stevenson, Martyna Chruslinska, Stephen Justham, Se… 展开作者

Floor S. Broekgaarden, Edo Berger, Coenraad J. Neijssel, Alejandro Vigna-Gómez, Debatri Chattopadhyay, Simon Stevenson, Martyna Chruslinska, Stephen Justham, Selma E. de Mink, Ilya Mandel

摘要:

随着最近公布的GW 200105和GW 200115,GW探测器现在已经观测到了黑洞-中子星(BHNS)双星的合并。这些观测不仅证实了这些系统的存在,而且还将对大质量恒星的死亡、双星系统的演化及其与伽马射线爆发、$r$过程浓缩和千新星的可能联系提供独特的见解。在这里,我们执行隔离BHNS系统的二进制人口合成,以提出他们的合并率和地面GW观测站的特点。我们提出了420种不同的模型排列的结果,这些模型排列探索了我们关于大质量双星演化(例如质量转移,共同包络演化,超新星)的假设中的关键不确定性,以及金属性特定的恒星形成率密度,并描述了它们对我们预测的相对影响。我们发现内在的本地BHNS合并率跨越$\mathcal{R}_{\rm{m}}^0 \approx 4$ - $830\,\rm{Gpc}^{-3}\,\rm{yr}^{-1}$为我们的全部假设范围。这包括从最近的BHNS GW检测推断的速率,并且将在设计灵敏度下产生由LIGO、Virgo和KAGRA组成的GW网络的$\mathcal{R}_{\rm{det}} \approx 1$ - $180\, \rm{yr}^{-1}$的检测速率。我们发现,二进制的演变和金属特定的恒星形成率密度的影响,以$\mathcal{O}(10)$的预测合并率。我们还提出了预测GW检测BHNS合并的属性,并发现所有420个模型的变化预测,$\lesssim 5\%$的BHNS合并BH质量$\gtrsim 18\,M_{\odot}$,总质量$ \gtrsim 20\,M_{\odot}$,啁啾质量$\gtrsim 5.5\,M_{\odot}$,质量比$ \gtrsim 12$或$\lesssim 2$。此外,我们发现,大规模的NS $\gtrsim 2\,M_{\odot}$预计将普遍检测到BHNS合并在几乎所有我们的模型变化。

英文摘要:

Mergers of black hole-neutron star (BHNS) binaries have now been observed by GW detectors with the recent announcement of GW200105 and GW200115. Such observations not only provide confirmation that these systems exist, but will also give unique insights into the death of massive stars, the evolution of binary systems and their possible association with gamma-ray bursts, $r$-process enrichment and kilonovae. Here we perform binary population synthesis of isolated BHNS systems in order to present their merger rate and characteristics for ground-based GW observatories. We present the results for 420 different model permutations that explore key uncertainties in our assumptions about massive binary star evolution (e.g. mass transfer, common-envelope evolution, supernovae), and the metallicity-specific star formation rate density, and characterize their relative impacts on our predictions. We find intrinsic local BHNS merger rates spanning $\mathcal{R}_{\rm{m}}^0 \approx 4$-$830\,\rm{Gpc}^{-3}\,\rm{yr}^{-1}$ for our full range of assumptions. This encompasses the rate inferred from recent BHNS GW detections, and would yield detection rates of $\mathcal{R}_{\rm{det}} \approx 1$-$180\, \rm{yr}^{-1}$ for a GW network consisting of LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA at design sensitivity. We find that the binary evolution and metallicity-specific star formation rate density each impact the predicted merger rates by order $\mathcal{O}(10)$. We also present predictions for the GW detected BHNS merger properties and find that all 420 model variations predict that $\lesssim 5\%$ of the BHNS mergers have BH masses $\gtrsim 18\,M_{\odot}$, total masses $ \gtrsim 20\,M_{\odot}$, chirp masses $\gtrsim 5.5\,M_{\odot}$, mass ratios $ \gtrsim 12$ or $\lesssim 2$. Moreover, we find that massive NSs $\gtrsim 2\,M_{\odot}$ are expected to be commonly detected in BHNS mergers in almost all our model variations.

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