大能区轻离子对钨的电子阻止截面实验研究
Experimental electronic stopping cross section of tungsten for light ions in a large energy interval
摘要：
在宽能量区间（质子20 ~ 6000 keV，氦50 ~ 9000 keV）内，测量了钨对轻离子的电子阻止截面。测量是在三个实验室（奥地利、德国和瑞典）使用五种不同的装置进行的，从不同的数据集推导出的停止数据彼此之间显示出极好的一致性，总的不确定度对于质子在1.5 - 3.8%之间变化，对于氦在2.2 - 5.5%之间变化，平均在每个数据集的相应能量范围内。最后的数据进行比较，现有的数据和广泛采用的半经验和理论方法，并发现是在良好的协议与大多数采用的模型在能量周围和以上的停止最大值。最重要的是，我们的结果将能量范围扩展到较低的能量，因此具有很高的技术相关性，例如，在核聚变研究中。在这些低能量下，我们的研究结果还表明，钨-分别具有完全和部分占据的f-和d-亚壳层，可以被建模为能量损失过程的电子气。
英文摘要：
Electronic stopping cross section of tungsten for light ions was experimentally measured in a wide energy interval (20 to 6000 keV for protons and 50 to 9000 keV for helium) in backscattering and transmission geometries. The measurements were carried out in three laboratories (Austria, Germany and Sweden) using five different set-ups, the stopping data deduced from different data sets showed excellent agreement amongst each other, with total uncertainty varying within 1.5 - 3.8\% for protons and 2.2 - 5.5\% for helium, averaged over the respective energy range of each data set. The final data is compared to available data and to widely adopted semi-empirical and theoretical approaches, and found to be in good agreement with most adopted models at energies around and above the stopping maximum. Most importantly, our results extend the energy regime towards lower energies, and are thus of high technological relevance, e.g., in fusion research. At these low energies, our findings also revealed that tungsten - featured with fully and partially occupied f- and d-subshells, respectively, can be modeled as an electron gas for the energy loss process.
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