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无人机支持的无线电力传输:一个新的综述

UAV-Enabled Wireless Power Transfer: A Tutorial Overview

Lifeng Xie, Xiaowen Cao, Jie Xu, Rui Zhang

摘要:

支持无人机(UAV)的无线功率传输(WPT)最近成为一种有前途的技术,以在大规模无线网络中为广泛分布的低功率地面设备(GD)提供可持续的能量供应。与部署在固定位置的传统WPT系统中的能量发射器(ESTA)相比,UAV安装的空中发射器可以在三维(3D)空间中灵活地飞行,以更有效地为附近的GD充电。本文提供了一个教程概述无人机使能WPT及其吸引人的应用,特别是侧重于如何利用无人机的可控移动性,通过其3D轨迹设计,以最大限度地提高能量传输到所有GD在无线网络中的公平性。首先,我们考虑单个UAV使能的WPT场景,其中一个UAV在已知位置为多个GD无线充电。为了解决这种情况下的能量最大化问题,我们提出了一个通用的轨迹设计框架,包括三个创新的方法来优化无人机的轨迹,这是多位置悬停,连续悬停和飞行,和基于时间量化的优化,分别。接下来,我们考虑多无人机使能的WPT场景,其中多个无人机在大区域中协作地对许多GD充电。在单无人机航迹设计的基础上,分别基于无人机群集和GD聚类原理,提出了两种有效的多无人机航迹联合优化方案。此外,我们考虑了支持无人机的WPT的两个重要扩展,即支持无人机的无线供电通信网络(WPCN)和支持无人机的无线供电移动边缘计算(MEC)。

英文摘要:

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled wireless power transfer (WPT) has recently emerged as a promising technique to provide sustainable energy supply for widely distributed low-power ground devices (GDs) in large-scale wireless networks. Compared with the energy transmitters (ETs) in conventional WPT systems which are deployed at fixed locations, UAV-mounted aerial ETs can fly flexibly in the three-dimensional (3D) space to charge nearby GDs more efficiently. This paper provides a tutorial overview on UAV-enabled WPT and its appealing applications, in particular focusing on how to exploit UAVs' controllable mobility via their 3D trajectory design to maximize the amounts of energy transferred to all GDs in a wireless network with fairness. First, we consider the single-UAV-enabled WPT scenario with one UAV wirelessly charging multiple GDs at known locations. To solve the energy maximization problem in this case, we present a general trajectory design framework consisting of three innovative approaches to optimize the UAV trajectory, which are multi-location hovering, successive-hover-and-fly, and time-quantization-based optimization, respectively. Next, we consider the multi-UAV-enabled WPT scenario where multiple UAVs cooperatively charge many GDs in a large area. Building upon the single-UAV trajectory design, we propose two efficient schemes to jointly optimize multiple UAVs' trajectories, based on the principles of UAV swarming and GD clustering, respectively. Furthermore, we consider two important extensions of UAV-enabled WPT, namely UAV-enabled wireless powered communication networks (WPCN) and UAV-enabled wireless powered mobile edge computing (MEC).

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