光子噪声极限下单激发交叉关联函数分辨超高对比度超短脉冲
Resolving ultrahigh-contrast ultrashort pulses with single-shot cross-correlator at the photon noise limit
摘要：
在强激光强场物理实验中，激光脉冲峰值与噪声基底之间的时间对比度的单次诊断至关重要。这允许快速优化脉冲对比度，并与每个脉冲的理论进行有意义的比较，它可以帮助清洁激光等离子体相互作用的新结果。到目前为止，高达~10^10的高对比度，目前的拍瓦（PW）级激光器所需的，已在生成和单次拍摄表征。然而，计划中的200-PW激光器所需的10^13的对比度对强激光技术提出了挑战，并且仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。本文报道了第一次演示这样一个超高对比度的测量，采用单次互相关（SSCC）。我们介绍了一种超快的方法，使确定SSCC的检测限。我们的策略模仿测试激光具有已知的时间到空间映射的测量框架中的对比度。最终的对比度测量极限为10^13，这对应于SSCC损伤阈值设置的最高脉冲强度和单光子探测设置的最低噪声基座。因此，在检测中观察到光子噪声，并且随着噪声基座的减小而增加。在光子噪声极限的测量能力被施加到一个高对比度的激光系统的基础上的二次谐波产生和光学参量啁啾脉冲放大，建议访问的高对比度脉冲。
英文摘要：
In strong-field physics experiments with intense lasers, it is of paramount importance to single-shot diagnose the temporal contrast between laser pulse peak and its noise pedestal. This allows fast optimization of pulse contrast and meaningful comparison with theory for each pulse shot, and it can help new outcomes from clean laser-plasma interactions. Thus far, high contrast ratios up to ~10^10, required by present petawatt (PW) class lasers, have been accessible in both generation and single-shot characterization. However, ultrahigh contrast ~10^13, required by the planned 200-PW lasers, challenges intense laser technology and remains an open question. This paper reports on the first demonstration of such an ultrahigh-contrast measurement by adapting single-shot cross-correlator (SSCC). We introduce an ultrafast method that enables to determine the SSCC detection limit. Our strategy mimics the test laser having known ultrahigh contrast in the measurement frame of time-to-space mapping. The ultimate contrast-measurement limit of 10^13 is achieved, which corresponds to the highest pulse intensity set by SSCC damage threshold and the lowest noise pedestal set by single-photon detection. As a consequence, photon noise in the detection is observed and increases as the noise pedestal reduces. The demonstrated measurement ability at the photon noise limit is applied to a high-contrast laser system based on second-harmonic generation and optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification, suggesting accessible of ultrahigh contrast pulses.
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