衡量HTTP/3：采用和性能
Measuring HTTP/3: Adoption and Performance
摘要：
超文本传输协议（HTTP）的第三个版本目前正处于IETF的最终标准化阶段。除了更好的安全性和更高的灵活性外，它还有望在性能方面带来好处。HTTP/3采用了更有效的报头压缩模式，并将TCP替换为QUIC，QUIC是一种在UDP上传输的传输协议，最初由Google提出，目前也处于标准化阶段。虽然HTTP/3的早期实现已经存在，并且一些网站宣布支持它，但它的研究很少。在这项工作中，我们提供了对HTTP/3的第一次测量研究。我们证明了在2020年，它是如何被一些领先的互联网公司采用的，如谷歌、Facebook和Cloudflare。我们对数千个采用HTTP/3的网站进行了大规模的测量活动，旨在了解它在多大程度上比HTTP/2实现了更好的性能。我们发现，采用网站通常将大多数网页对象托管在第三方服务器上，这些服务器仅支持HTTP/2甚至HTTP/1.1。我们的实验表明，HTTP/3仅在高延迟或带宽非常差的情况下提供相当大的好处。尽管采用了QUIC，但我们在高丢包率的情况下没有发现任何好处，但我们观察到网站提供商的基础设施存在很大的差异。
英文摘要：
The third version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is currently in its final standardization phase by the IETF. Besides better security and increased flexibility, it promises benefits in terms of performance. HTTP/3 adopts a more efficient header compression schema and replaces TCP with QUIC, a transport protocol carried over UDP, originally proposed by Google and currently under standardization too. Although HTTP/3 early implementations already exist and some websites announce its support, it has been subject to few studies. In this work, we provide a first measurement study on HTTP/3. We testify how, during 2020, it has been adopted by some of the leading Internet companies such as Google, Facebook and Cloudflare. We run a large-scale measurement campaign toward thousands of websites adopting HTTP/3, aiming at understanding to what extent it achieves better performance than HTTP/2. We find that adopting websites often host most web page objects on third-party servers, which support only HTTP/2 or even HTTP/1.1. Our experiments show that HTTP/3 provides sizable benefits only in scenarios with high latency or very poor bandwidth. Despite the adoption of QUIC, we do not find benefits in case of high packet loss, but we observe large diversity across website providers' infrastructures.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
