偷猎者-自然死亡生物合法贸易资助反偷猎执法时的种群动力学
Poacher-population dynamics when legal trade of naturally deceased organisms funds anti-poaching enforcement
摘要：
一个规范的、合法的野生动物产品市场能保护受到偷猎威胁的物种吗？这是生物多样性保护中最具争议的观点之一。也许野生动物贸易合法化的最有说服力的理由是，贸易收入可以为保护和保护偷猎物种提供资金。在本文中，我们研究了合法贸易资金保护可能的偷猎人口动态后果。该模式由一名经理负责清理尸体以获取野生动物产品，然后出售产品，并将一部分收入用于资助反偷猎执法。通过对模型的全球分析，我们得出了管理者必须增加的产品的临界比例，以及管理者必须分配给加强执法的贸易收入的临界比例，以使合法贸易能够带来丰富的长期野生动物种群。我们说明了该模型如何告知管理层的参数值来自非洲大象文献，在一个假设的情况下，经理清除大象尸体出售象牙。我们发现，有一个很大的参数空间，人口灭绝的合法贸易，除非贸易收入的很大一部分是针对保护人口偷猎。该模型是通用的，因此可以作为一个起点，探索的后果，许多保护计划使用野生动物贸易收入的资金。
英文摘要：
Can a regulated, legal market for wildlife products protect species threatened by poaching? It is one of the most controversial ideas in biodiversity conservation. Perhaps the most convincing reason for legalizing wildlife trade is that trade revenue could fund the protection and conservation of poached species. In this paper, we examine the possible poacher-population dynamic consequences of legal trade funding conservation. The model consists of a manager scavenging carcasses for wildlife products, who then sells the products, and directs a portion of the revenue towards funding anti-poaching law enforcement. Through a global analysis of the model, we derive the critical proportion of product the manager must scavenge, and the critical proportion of trade revenue the manager must allocate towards increased enforcement, in order for legal trade to lead to abundant long-term wildlife populations. We illustrate how the model could inform management with parameter values derived from the African elephant literature, under a hypothetical scenario where a manager scavenges elephant carcasses to sell ivory. We find that there is a large region of parameter space where populations go extinct under legal trade, unless a significant portion of trade revenue is directed towards protecting populations from poaching. The model is general and therefore can be used as a starting point for exploring the consequences of funding many conservation programs using wildlife trade revenue.
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