arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2102.10437cs.CL
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理解和增强机器翻译中语境的使用

Understanding and Enhancing the Use of Context for Machine Translation

Universiteit van Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学);Rijksuniversiteit Groningen(格罗宁根大学);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen(奈梅亨拉德堡德大学)

Marzieh Fadaee

摘要:

为了理解和推断语言中的含义,神经模型必须学习复杂的细微差别。从数据中发现独特的语言现象并不是一件容易的事情。例如,词汇歧义是语言的一个基本特征,这是一个具有挑战性的学习。更突出的是,用神经网络来推断罕见和不可见的词汇单元的含义是困难的。意义往往是由语境决定的。有了上下文,语言就能传达意义,即使读者不知道所用的具体词汇。为了对这种学习过程进行建模,系统必须从上下文中的一些实例中学习,并且能够很好地推广到看不见的情况。当任务的训练数据稀缺时,学习过程会受到阻碍。即使有足够的数据,词汇分布长尾的学习模式也是具有挑战性的。在这篇论文中,我们专注于理解神经模型中上下文的某些潜力,并设计增强模型以从中受益。我们专注于机器翻译作为更一般的语言理解问题的一个重要实例。为了从源语言翻译成目标语言,神经模型必须理解所提供的上下文中的成分的含义,并在目标语言中生成具有相同含义的成分。这项任务强调了捕捉语言细微差别的价值和从少量观察中概括的必要性。我们在这篇论文中研究的主要问题是神经机器翻译模型从数据中学习什么,以及我们如何设计更集中的上下文来增强这种学习。更深入地研究上下文的作用和数据对学习模型的影响对于推进NLP领域至关重要。此外,它有助于突出当前神经网络的脆弱性,并为设计更强大的模型提供见解。

英文摘要:

To understand and infer meaning in language, neural models have to learn complicated nuances. Discovering distinctive linguistic phenomena from data is not an easy task. For instance, lexical ambiguity is a fundamental feature of language which is challenging to learn. Even more prominently, inferring the meaning of rare and unseen lexical units is difficult with neural networks. Meaning is often determined from context. With context, languages allow meaning to be conveyed even when the specific words used are not known by the reader. To model this learning process, a system has to learn from a few instances in context and be able to generalize well to unseen cases. The learning process is hindered when training data is scarce for a task. Even with sufficient data, learning patterns for the long tail of the lexical distribution is challenging. In this thesis, we focus on understanding certain potentials of contexts in neural models and design augmentation models to benefit from them. We focus on machine translation as an important instance of the more general language understanding problem. To translate from a source language to a target language, a neural model has to understand the meaning of constituents in the provided context and generate constituents with the same meanings in the target language. This task accentuates the value of capturing nuances of language and the necessity of generalization from few observations. The main problem we study in this thesis is what neural machine translation models learn from data and how we can devise more focused contexts to enhance this learning. Looking more in-depth into the role of context and the impact of data on learning models is essential to advance the NLP field. Moreover, it helps highlight the vulnerabilities of current neural networks and provides insights into designing more robust models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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