WALOP-South：用于PASIPHAE调查的宽视场一次性线性光学偏振仪
WALOP-South: A wide-field one-shot linear optical polarimeter for PASIPHAE survey
摘要：
WALOP（广域线性光学偏振计）-南，将安装在南非1米SAAO望远镜上，是目前正在开发的两个WALOP仪器中的第一个，用于进行PASIPHAE调查。WALOP仪器计划于2021年投入使用，将用于测量SDSS-r宽带中$10^{6}$恒星周围的线性偏振，具有$0.1~\%$偏振精度，覆盖银河系极地地区的4000平方度。单次线性偏振测量、高偏振精度（$< 0.1~\%$）和偏振灵敏度（$< 0.05~\%$）以及$35\times35~arcminutes$的大视场（FOV）的综合能力使WALOP-South成为一种独特的天文仪器。在单次曝光中，它被设计用于测量SDSS-r宽带和窄带滤波器中$500-700~nm$之间的斯托克斯参数$I$、$q$和$u$。在每次测量期间，对应于$0^{\circ}$、$45^{\circ}$、$90^{\circ}$和$135^{\circ}$的偏振角的全场的四个图像将在四个检测器上成像，并且对这些图像执行差分测光将产生斯托克斯参数。WALOP-South仪器设计中的主要挑战包括：（a）在光学设计中，校正用作偏振分析仪的大分裂角Wollaston棱镜引入的光谱色散以及来自宽视场的像差，以及（b）使光学机械设计遵守在所有温度条件下以及望远镜指向位置下获得良好成像和偏振性能所需的公差。我们提出的光学和光学机械设计的WALOP南，克服了这些挑战。
英文摘要：
WALOP (Wide-Area Linear Optical Polarimeter)-South, to be mounted on the 1m SAAO telescope in South Africa, is first of the two WALOP instruments currently under development for carrying out the PASIPHAE survey. Scheduled for commissioning in the year 2021, the WALOP instruments will be used to measure the linear polarization of around $10^{6}$ stars in the SDSS-r broadband with $0.1~\%$ polarimetric accuracy, covering 4000 square degrees in the Galactic polar regions. The combined capabilities of one-shot linear polarimetry, high polarimetric accuracy ($< 0.1~\%$) and polarimetric sensitivity ($< 0.05~\%$), and a large field of view (FOV) of $35\times35~arcminutes$ make WALOP-South a unique astronomical instrument. In a single exposure, it is designed to measure the Stokes parameters $I$, $q$ and $u$ in the SDSS-r broadband and narrowband filters between $500-700~nm$. During each measurement, four images of the full field corresponding to the polarization angles of $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $135^{\circ}$ will be imaged on four detectors and carrying out differential photometry on these images will yield the Stokes parameters. Major challenges in designing WALOP-South instrument include- (a) in the optical design, correcting for the spectral dispersion introduced by large split angle Wollaston Prisms used as polarization analyzers as well as aberrations from the wide field, and (b) making an optomechanical design adherent to the tolerances required to obtain good imaging and polarimetric performance under all temperature conditions as well as telescope pointing positions. We present the optical and optomechanical design for WALOP-South which overcomes these challenges.
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