PASIPHAE：高银河纬度、高精度光学偏振测量
PASIPHAE: A high-Galactic-latitude, high-accuracy optopolarimetric survey
摘要：
PASIPHAE（Polar-Areas Stellar Imaging in Polarization High-Accuracy Experiment）是一项光学偏振测量，旨在测量数百万颗恒星的线偏振，并使用这些来创建银河系内磁场穿透尘埃云的三维断层摄影图。这张图将为未来的CMB B模式实验寻找暴胀引力波提供宝贵的信息，提供关于视线积分效应的独特信息。对已知距离的大量恒星进行光学偏振观测，追踪发出偏振微波的同一尘埃，可以绘制出它们之间的磁场。盖亚任务正在测量到10亿颗恒星的距离，利用星光的光学偏振提供了一个制作银河磁场方向断层摄影图的机会。这样的地图不仅会促进CMB偏振前景的去除，而且它还将对广泛的天体物理学研究产生深远的影响，包括星际介质物理学，高能天体物理学和银河系的演化。利用我们目前正在印度IUCAA建设的高精度广域线性光学偏振仪（WALOP）中实施的新技术，我们将参与一项大规模的光学偏振计划，以应对这一挑战：对宇宙微波背景辐射实验所针对的银河系南北两极地区进行调查，覆盖范围超过10,000平方度，其将测量每平方度超过360颗星的线性光学偏振（超过350万颗星，比现有技术增加1000倍）。调查将在南半球南非萨瑟兰的南非天文台和北半球希腊克里特岛的Skinakas天文台同时进行。
英文摘要：
PASIPHAE (the Polar-Areas Stellar Imaging in Polarization High-Accuracy Experiment) is an optopolarimetric survey aiming to measure the linear polarization from millions of stars, and use these to create a three-dimensional tomographic map of the magnetic field threading dust clouds within the Milky Way. This map will provide invaluable information for future CMB B-mode experiments searching for inflationary gravitational waves, providing unique information regarding line-of-sight integration effects. Optical polarization observations of a large number of stars at known distances, tracing the same dust that emits polarized microwaves, can map the magnetic field between them. The Gaia mission is measuring distances to a billion stars, providing an opportunity to produce a tomographic map of Galactic magnetic field directions, using optical polarization of starlight. Such a map will not only boost CMB polarization foreground removal, but it will also have a profound impact in a wide range of astrophysical research, including interstellar medium physics, high-energy astrophysics, and evolution of the Galaxy. Taking advantage of the novel technology implemented in our high-accuracy Wide-Area Linear Optical Polarimeters (WALOPs) currently under construction at IUCAA, India, we will engage in a large-scale optopolarimetric program that can meet this challenge: a survey of both northern and southern Galactic polar regions targeted by CMB experiments, covering over 10,000 square degrees, which will measure linear optical polarization of over 360 stars per square degree (over 3.5 million stars, a 1000-fold increase over the state of the art). The survey will be conducted concurrently from the South African Astronomical Observatory in Sutherland, South Africa in the southern hemisphere, and the Skinakas Observatory in Crete, Greece, in the north.
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