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arXiv 2102.08104astro-ph.IM
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CubeSats大视场探测器对gamma-ray源期望信号和背景的模拟

Simulations of expected signal and background of gamma-ray sources by large field-of-view detectors aboard CubeSats

Gábor Galgóczi, Jakub Řípa, Riccardo Campana, Norbert Werner, András Pál, Masanori Ohno, László Mészáros, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Norbert Tarcai, Kento Torigoe, Nagom… 展开作者

Gábor Galgóczi, Jakub Řípa, Riccardo Campana, Norbert Werner, András Pál, Masanori Ohno, László Mészáros, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Norbert Tarcai, Kento Torigoe, Nagomi Uchida, Yasushi Fukazawa, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Naoyoshi Hirade, Kengo Hirose, Syohei Hisadomi, Teruaki Enoto, Hirokazu Odaka, Yuto Ichinohe, Zsolt Frei, László Kiss

摘要:

近年来,发射到太空的立方体卫星(U级航天器)的数量呈指数级增长,标志着纳米卫星技术的曙光。一般来说,这些卫星的质量预算比常规科学卫星小得多,这限制了科学仪器对空间直接和间接辐射的屏蔽。在本文中,我们提出了一个模拟框架,以量化的信号在大视场伽马射线闪烁探测器的卫星引起的X射线/伽马射线瞬态,考虑到探测器的响应。此外,我们量化的信号引起的X射线和粒子背景源在低地球轨道外南大西洋异常和极地地区。最后,我们考虑不同的能量阈值水平来计算信噪比。我们的模拟可以用来优化材料成分和预测探测能力的各种天体物理来源的立方体卫星。我们应用开发的模拟卫星属于计划CAMELOT立方体卫星星座。该项目的主要目的是探测短和长伽马射线暴,作为次要科学目标,探测软伽玛射线中继器和地面伽玛射线闪光。模拟包括卫星的详细计算机辅助设计模型,以尽可能准确地考虑到粒子与卫星材料的相互作用。我们的模拟结果预测,立方体卫星可以补充大型空间天文台在高能天体物理观测伽玛暴,SGRs和TGFs。对于计划安装在CAMELOT立方体卫星上的探测器,模拟表明,可以实现伽马射线暴和SGR通量中值的信噪比至少为9的探测。

英文摘要:

In recent years the number of CubeSats (U-class spacecrafts) launched into space has increased exponentially marking the dawn of the nanosatellite technology. In general these satellites have a much smaller mass budget compared to conventional scientific satellites which limits shielding of scientific instruments against direct and indirect radiation in space. In this paper we present a simulation framework to quantify the signal in large field-of-view gamma-ray scintillation detectors of satellites induced by X-ray/gamma-ray transients, by taking into account the response of the detector. Furthermore, we quantify the signal induced by X-ray and particle background sources at a Low-Earth Orbit outside South Atlantic Anomaly and polar regions. Finally, we calculate the signal-to-noise ratio taking into account different energy threshold levels. Our simulation can be used to optimize material composition and predict detectability of various astrophysical sources by CubeSats. We apply the developed simulation to a satellite belonging to a planned CAMELOT CubeSat constellation. This project mainly aims to detect short and long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and as a secondary science objective, to detect soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). The simulation includes a detailed computer-aided design (CAD) model of the satellite to take into account the interaction of particles with the material of the satellite as accurately as possible. Results of our simulations predict that CubeSats can complement the large space observatories in high-energy astrophysics for observations of GRBs, SGRs and TGFs. For the detectors planned to be on board of the CAMELOT CubeSats the simulations show that detections with signal-to-noise ratio of at least 9 for median GRB and SGR fluxes are achievable.

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