CMB/kSZ and Compton-$y$ Maps from 2500 square degrees of SPT-SZ and Planck Survey Data
L. E. Bleem, T. M. Crawford, B. Ansarinejad, B. A. Benson, S. Bocquet, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, R. Chown, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. B. Ever… 展开作者
L. E. Bleem, T. M. Crawford, B. Ansarinejad, B. A. Benson, S. Bocquet, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, R. Chown, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. B. Everett, E. M. George, R. Gualtieri, N. W. Halverson, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, D. Luong-Van, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, T. Natoli, Y. Omori, S. Padin, C. Pryke, S. Raghunathan, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, K. K. Schaffer, E. Shirokoff, Z. Staniszewski, A. A. Stark, J. D. Vieira, R. Williamson
We present component-separated maps of the primary cosmic microwave background/kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) amplitude and the thermal SZ Compton-$y$ parameter, created using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Planck satellite. These maps, which cover the $\sim$2500 square degrees of the Southern sky imaged by the SPT-SZ survey, represent a significant improvement over previous such products available in this region by virtue of their higher angular resolution (1.25 arcminutes for our highest resolution Compton-$y$ maps) and lower noise at small angular scales. In this work we detail the construction of these maps using linear combination techniques, including our method for limiting the correlation of our lowest-noise Compton-$y$ map products with the cosmic infrared background. We perform a range of validation tests on these data products to test our sky modeling and combination algorithms, and we find good performance in all of these tests. Recognizing the potential utility of these data products for a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological analyses, including studies of the gas properties of galaxies, groups, and clusters, we make these products publicly available at http://pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/sptsz_ymap and on the NASA/LAMBDA website.
We present measurements of secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and cosmic infrared background (CIB) fluctuations using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) covering the complete 2540 sq.deg. SPT-SZ survey area. Data in the three SPT-SZ frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, are used to produce six angular power spectra (three single-frequency auto-spectra and three cross-spectra) covering the multipole range 2000 < ell < 11000 (angular scales 5' > θ> 1'). These are the most precise measurements of the angular power spectra at ell > 2500 at these frequencies.…
We report new measurements of millimeter-wave power spectra in the angular multipole range $2000 \le \ell \le 11,000$ (angular scales $5^\prime \gtrsim θ\gtrsim 1^\prime$). By adding 95 and 150\,GHz data from the low-noise 500 deg$^2$ SPTpol survey to the SPT-SZ three-frequency 2540 deg$^2$ survey, we substantially reduce the uncertainties in these bands. These power spectra include contributions from the primary cosmic microwave background, cosmic infrared background, radio galaxies, and thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects. The data favor a thermal SZ (tSZ) power at 143\,GHz…
We consider the prospects for measuring the pairwise kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) signal from galaxy clusters discovered in large photometric surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We project that the DES cluster sample will, in conjunction with existing mm-wave data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), yield a detection of the pairwise kSZ signal at the 8-13 sigma level, with sensitivity peaking for clusters separated by ~100 Mpc distances. A next-generation version of SPT would allow for a 18-30 sigma detection and would be limited by variance from the kSZ signal itself and residu…
We detect the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect with a statistical significance of $4.2 σ$ by combining a cluster catalogue derived from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) with CMB temperature maps from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) Survey. This measurement is performed with a differential statistic that isolates the pairwise kSZ signal, providing the first detection of the large-scale, pairwise motion of clusters using redshifts derived from photometric data. By fitting the pairwise kSZ signal to a theoretical template we measure the average cen…
We report measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum from the complete 2008 South Pole Telescope (SPT) data set. We analyze twice as much data as the first SPT power spectrum analysis, using an improved cosmological parameter estimator which fits multi-frequency models to the SPT 150 and $220\,$GHz bandpowers. We find an excellent fit to the measured bandpowers with a model that includes lensed primary CMB anisotropy, secondary thermal (tSZ) and kinetic (kSZ) Sunyaev-Zel'dovich anisotropies, unclustered synchrotron point sources, and clustered dusty point sources. In …
[ABRIDGED] Inhomogeneous reionization acts as a source of arcminute-scale anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the most important of which is the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect. Observational efforts with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the South Pole Telescope (SPT) are poised to detect this signal for the first time. Indeed, recent SPT measurements place a bound on the dimensionless kSZ power spectrum around a multipole of l=3000 of P_tot < 2.8 (6) micro K^2 at 95% C.L., by ignoring (allowing) correlations between the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effe…
SPT-3G D1: Compton-$y$ maps using data from the SPT-3G and Planck surveys
Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（SLAC国家加速器实验室）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；National Center for Supercomputing Applications（国家超级计算应用中心）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）
We calculate the one-point probability density distribution functions (PDF) and the power spectra of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ and kSZ) effects and the mean Compton Y parameter using the Magneticum Pathfinder simulations, state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of a large cosmological volume of (896 Mpc/h)^3. These simulations follow in detail the thermal and chemical evolution of the intracluster medium as well as the evolution of super-massive black holes and their associated feedback processes. We construct full-sky maps of tSZ and kSZ from the light-co…
We present new predictions for temperature (on small angular scales) and polarization (on large angular scales) CMB anisotropies induced during the epoch of reionization (EoR). Using a novel method calibrated from Radiation-Hydrodynamic simulations we model the EoR in large volumes (L >~ 2 Gpc/h) in the context of galactic reionization. We find that the EoR contribution to the kinetic Sunyaev- Zel'dovich power spectrum (patchy kSZ) ranges between ~0.6 - 2.8 muK^2 at ell = 3000, for the parameter space we explored. These patchy kSZ power spectra are calculated from large 15 Deg x 15 Deg maps th…
Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from hot ionized gas produces a range of effects, and the leading order effects are the kinetic and thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich (kSZ and tSZ) effects. In the near future, CMB surveys will provide the precision to probe beyond the leading order effects. In this work we study the cosmological information content of the next order term which combines the tSZ and kSZ effects, hereafter called the thermal-kinetic Sunyaev Zel'dovich (tkSZ) effect. As the tkSZ effect has the same velocity dependence as the kSZ effect, it will also have many o…
Measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect from instruments such as the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) will soon put improved constraints on reionization. Popular models assume that UV photons alone are responsible for reionization of the intergalactic medium. We explore the effects of a significant contribution of X-rays to reionization on the kSZ signal. Because X-rays have a large mean free path through the neutral intergalactic medium, they introduce partial ionization in between the sharp-edged bubbles created by UV photons. This smoo…
The peculiar motion of ionized baryons is known to introduce temperature anisotropies in the CMB by means of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (kSZ). In this work, we present an all sky computation of angular power spectrum of the temperature anisotropies introduced by kSZ momentum of all baryons in the Universe during and after reionization. In an attempt to study the bulk flows of the missing baryons not yet detected, we address separately the contribution from all baryons in the IGM and those baryons located in collapsed structures like groups and clusters of galaxies. In the first case…
We search for the signature of cosmological shocks in stacked gas pressure profiles of galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Specifically, we stack the latest Compton-y maps from the 2500 deg^2 SPT-SZ survey on the locations of clusters identified in that same dataset. The sample contains 516 clusters with mean mass <M200m> = 1e14.9 msol and redshift <z> = 0.55. We analyze in parallel a set of zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations from The Three Hundred project. The SPT-SZ data show two features: (i) a pressure deficit at R/R200m = $1.08 \pm 0.09$, measured at $3.1σ$ sig…
We describe a method for measuring the integrated Comptonization (YSZ) of clusters of galaxies from measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in multiple frequency bands and use this method to characterize a sample of galaxy clusters detected in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data. We test this method on simulated cluster observations and verify that it can accurately recover cluster parameters with negligible bias. In realistic simulations of an SPT-like survey, with realizations of cosmic microwave background anisotropy, point sources, and atmosphere and instrumental noise at typical SP…
First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE Observations
Recent results of ground-based telescopes, giving high-quality measurements of the CMB temperature power spectrum on small scales motivate the need for an accurate model of foregrounds, which dominate the primary signal at these multipoles. In a previous work, we have shown that cosmological information could be retrieved from the power spectrum of the thermal SZ effect. In this work, we introduce a physically motivated model of the Epoch of Reionisation in the cosmological analysis of CMB data, which is coherent on all scales. In particular, at high multipoles, the power spectrum of the kinet…
The kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect --- the Doppler boosting of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons due to Compton-scattering off free electrons with non-zero bulk velocity --- probes the abundance and distribution of baryons in the Universe. All kSZ measurements to date have explicitly required spectroscopic redshifts. Here, we implement a novel estimator for the kSZ -- large-scale structure cross-correlation based on projected fields: it does not require redshift estimates for individual objects, allowing kSZ measurements from large-scale imaging surveys. We apply this estima…
We present the weak lensing analysis of the Wide-Field Imager SZ Cluster of galaxy (WISCy) sample, a set of 12 clusters of galaxies selected for their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. After developing new and improved methods for background selection and determination of geometric lensing scaling factors from absolute multi-band photometry in cluster fields, we compare the weak lensing mass estimate with public X-ray and SZ data. We find consistency with hydrostatic X-ray masses with no significant bias, no mass dependent bias and less than 20% intrinsic scatter and constrain fgas,500c=0.128+0.…
The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a high-resolution microwave-frequency telescope designed to observe the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). To date, two cameras have been installed on the SPT to conduct two surveys of the CMB, the first in intensity only (SPT-SZ) and the second in intensity and polarization (SPTpol). A third-generation polarization-sensitive camera is currently in development (SPT-3G). This thesis describes work spanning all three instruments on the SPT. I present my work in time-reversed order, to follow the canonical narrative of instrument development, deployment, and anal…
We propose a new analysis of small scale CMB data by introducing the cosmological dependency of the foreground signals, focusing first on the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) power spectrum, derived from the halo model. We analyse the latest observations by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) of the high-$\ell$ power (cross) spectra at 90, 150 and 220 GHz, as the sum of CMB and tSZ signals, both depending on cosmological parameters, and remaining contaminants. In order to perform faster analyses, we propose a new tSZ modelling based on machine learning algorithms (namely Random Forest). We show tha…
Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is expected to be amongst the most powerful cosmological tools for ongoing and upcoming CMB experiments. In this work, we investigate a bias to CMB lensing reconstruction from temperature anisotropies due to the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect, that is, the Doppler shift of CMB photons induced by Compton-scattering off moving electrons. The kSZ signal yields biases due to both its own intrinsic non-Gaussianity and its non-zero cross-correlation with the CMB lensing field (and other fields that trace the large-scale struct…
In the last few years, there has been a resurgence of interest in obtaining observational bounds on the graviton mass, following the detection of gravitational waves, because of the versatility of massive graviton theories in resolving multiple problems in cosmology and fundamental physics. In this work, we apply the method proposed in Rana et al.(arXiv:1801.03309), which consists of looking for Yukawa-like fall off in the gravitational potential, to stacked galaxy cluster catalogs from three disparate surveys. These include catalogs from 2500 sq. degree SPT-SZ survey, the Planck all-sky SZ ca…
We study the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) signature in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data for an ensemble of 719 optically identified galaxy clusters selected from 124.6 deg$^2$ of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) science verification data, detecting a stacked SZE signal down to richness $λ\sim20$. The SZE signature is measured using matched-filtered maps of the 2500 deg$^2$ SPT-SZ survey at the positions of the DES clusters, and the degeneracy between SZE observable and matched-filter size is broken by adopting as priors SZE and optical mass-observable relations that are either calibrated using S…
We present South Pole Telescope (SPT) observations of the five galaxy cluster candidates in the southern hemisphere which were reported as unconfirmed in the Planck Early Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (ESZ) sample. One cluster candidate, PLCKESZ G255.62-46.16, is located in the 2500-square-degree SPT SZ survey region and was reported previously as SPT-CL J0411-4819. For the remaining four candidates, which are located outside of the SPT SZ survey region, we performed short, dedicated SPT observations. Each of these four candidates was strongly detected in maps made from these observations, with signal-to…
The thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in galaxy clusters and filaments using multifrequency temperature maps of the cosmic microwave background: Abell 399--Abell 401 cluster pair case study
The epoch of reionization is a milestone of cosmological structure formation, marking the birth of the first objects massive enough to yield large numbers of ionizing photons. The mechanism and timescale of reionization remain largely unknown. Measurements of the CMB Doppler effect from ionizing bubbles embedded in large-scale velocity streams (the patchy kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect) can constrain the duration of reionization. When combined with large-scale CMB polarization measurements, the evolution of the ionized fraction can be inferred. Using new multi-frequency data from the South …
SPT-3G D1: A Measurement of Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Power
University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学）
We study the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) from extensive circumgalactic gas (CGM) in massive galactic halos. Recent observations have shown that galactic halos contain a large amount of X-ray emitting gas at the virial temperature, as well as a significant amount of warm OVI absorbing gas. We consider the SZ distortion from the hot gas in those galactic halos in which the gas cooling time is longer than the halo destruction time scale. We show that the SZ distortion signal from the hot gas in these galactic halos at redshifts $z\approx …
We present the first three-frequency South Pole Telescope (SPT) cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra. The band powers presented here cover angular scales 2000 < ell < 9400 in frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. At these frequencies and angular scales, a combination of the primary CMB anisotropy, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects, radio galaxies, and cosmic infrared background (CIB) contributes to the signal. We combine Planck and SPT data at 220 GHz to constrain the amplitude and shape of the CIB power spectrum and find strong evidence for non-linear …
We present a new pipeline for the efficient generation of synthetic observations of the extragalactic microwave sky, tailored to large ground-based CMB experiments such as the Simons Observatory, Advanced ACTPol, SPT-3G, and CMB-S4. Such simulated observations are a key technical challenge in cosmology because of the dynamic range and accuracy required. The first part of the pipeline generates a random cosmological realization in the form of a dark matter halo catalog and matter displacement field, as seen from a given position. The halo catalog and displacement field are modeled with ellipsoi…
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope has measured the angular power spectra of microwave fluctuations to arcminute scales at frequencies of 148 and 218 GHz, from three seasons of data. At small scales the fluctuations in the primordial Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) become increasingly obscured by extragalactic foregounds and secondary CMB signals. We present results from a nine-parameter model describing these secondary effects, including the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ and kSZ) power; the clustered and Poisson-like power from Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) sources, and thei…
Measurement of the Full Shape of the Thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich Power Spectrum from South Pole Telescope and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE Observations
University of California（加州大学）；National Center for Supercomputing Applications（国家超级计算应用中心）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）
