Detecting axionic dark matter induced electron or nucleon oscillating electric dipole moment (OEDM) has become a new way for dark matter searches. We re-examine such axion-spin couplings in external electromagnetic fields. We point out that axion-photon interaction induces an electron spin effective coupling, which is different from an OEDM. In particular, the axion-spin effective coupling is directly related to magnetic field rather than electric field. For axion-electron or axion-nucleon couplings, an OEDM of fermion is introduced, whose effect in ultralight axion cases depends on whether axion shift symmetry is manifest. Specifically, ultralight axionic dark matter interactions that do not obey the shift symmetry will be strongly constrained. We also extend the results to the case where axion has a finite velocity.
An effective quantum description of the axion is proposed as a two-level dynamic system together with a spin-spin Hamiltonian for a coupled axion-Josephson qubit system. The interaction between axion and Josephson Junction can be responsible for a resonance effect, when the axion and the Josephson frequencies match. Thus, experimentally detectable oscillations induced in the Josephson qubit by its interaction with the axion are clearly highlighted. This phenomenon, causing a periodic magnetization reversal in the junction, can be exploited for the axion detection in the quantum limit of low no…
axionbloch: an Open-Source Python Package for Simulating Axion-Induced Spin Dynamics
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz（约翰内斯·古腾堡美因茨大学）；Helmholtz Institute Mainz（美因茨亥姆霍兹研究所）；GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH（GSI重离子研究中心有限公司）
We show that the couplings of axions to gauge bosons are highly restricted in Grand Unified Theories where the standard model is embedded in a simple 4D gauge group. The topological nature of these couplings allows them to be matched from the UV to the IR, and the ratio of the anomaly with photons and gluons for any axion is fixed by unification. This implies that there is a single axion, the QCD axion, with an anomalous coupling to photons. Other light axion-like particles can couple to photons by mixing through the QCD axion portal and lie to the right of the QCD line in the mass-coupling pl…
We present models in which axions have large couplings to hadrons while remaining naturally light. By assigning $U(1)_{PQ}$ charges to Standard Model quarks such that $U(1)_{PQ}$ is not anomalous under QCD, the derivative couplings naturally arise while no potential is generated for the axion upon QCD confinement. We present simple models that implement this idea both for an axion-like particle and for the QCD axion. We show that both models lead to sizable flavor violations that could be probed by future experiments. Our construction shows that the axion coupling to hadrons can be essentially…
We present an analytic study of the dispersion relation for an isotropic magnetized plasma interacting with axions. We provide a quantitative picture of the electromagnetic plasma oscillations in both the ultrarelativistic and nonrelativistic regimes and considering both non-degenerate and degenerate media, accounting for the dispersion curves as a function of the plasma temperature and the ratio of the plasma phase velocity to the characteristic velocity of particles. We include the modifications on the Landau damping of plasma waves induced by the presence of the axion field, and we comment …
We consider a scenario where the supersymmetry breaking and its mediation, and the cancellation of the theta parameter of SU(3)c are all caused by a single chiral multiplet. The string axion multiplet is a natural candidate of such a single superfield. We show that the scenario provides a convincing basis of focus point gaugino mediation, where the electroweak scale is explained with a moderate tuning among the parameters of the theory.
A previous publication [H. S. Roising et al., Phys. Rev. Research 3, 033236 (2021)] involving the current authors pointed out a coupling between dark matter axions and ferroic orders in multiferroics. In this comment we argue that using this coupling for dark matter sensing is likely not feasible for the material class we considered, with present-day technologies and level of materials synthesis. The proposed effect (for QCD axions) is small and is overwhelmed by thermal noise. This finding means that likely materials for the proposed detection scheme would need to be found with significantly …
We compute the effect of the chiral phase transition of QCD on the axion mass and self-coupling; the coupling of the axion to the quarks at finite temperature is described within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We find that the axion mass decreases with temperature, following the response of the topological susceptibility, in agreement with previous results obtained within chiral perturbation theory at low and intermediate temperatures. As expected, the comparison with lattice data shows that chiral perturbation theory fails to reproduce the topological susceptibility around the chiral critical …
This study investigated the hybridization between an axion and plasmon polariton, attributed to the coupling achieved by combining modified electrodynamics and hydrodynamic approaches on a plasmon-polariton in a graphene periodic structure. The enhancement of the effective coupling was also studied. Furthermore, corrections for the axion and the lowest plasmon -polariton hybridization state spectra have been presented. An observable was proposed to detect axions, which is significant even when the effective coupling is not large, especially as the axion mass decreases. The study shows that the…
A kinetic mixing between the axion and the inflaton allows for a production of axion dark matter even if the inflationary Hubble scale is smaller than the zero-temperature axion mass. We analyze the axion dynamics in this recently discovered "inflaxion" framework, and present a new cosmological scenario where the axion drifts away from its vacuum during the reheating epoch, giving rise to the observed dark matter abundance. We discuss the implications for both the QCD axion and axion-like particles.
A nonperturbative Schwinger-Dyson analysis of mass generation is presented for a non-Hermitian PT-symmetric field theory in four dimensions of an axion coupled to a Dirac fermion.The model is motivated by phenomenological considerations.The axion has a quartic self-coupling $λ$ and a Yukawa coupling $g$ to the fermion. The Schwinger-Dyson equations are derived for the model with generic couplings. In the non-Hermitian case there is an additional nonperturbative contribution to the scalar mass. In a simplified rainbow analysis the solutions for the SD equations, are given for different regimes …
Constraining axion quadratic couplings with the Hulse-Taylor binary system
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute (TDLI)（汤川秀树研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, King's College London（伦敦国王学院物理系理论粒子物理与宇宙学）
Constraints on the Yukawa-type corrections to Newton's gravitational law and on the coupling constant of axionlike particles to nucleons obtained from different laboratory experiments are reviewed and compared. The constraints on non-Newtonian gravity under discussion cover the wide interaction range from nanometers to millimeters and follow from the experiments on neutron scattering, measuring the Casimir force and Cavendish-type experiments. The constraints on the axion-to-nucleon coupling constant following from the magnetometer measurements, Cavendish-type experiments, Casimir physics, and…
We determine the model-independent component of the couplings of axions to electroweak gauge bosons, induced by the minimal coupling to QCD inherent to solving the strong CP problem. The case of the invisible QCD axion is developed first, and the impact on $W$ and $Z$ axion couplings is discussed. The analysis is extended next to the generic framework of heavy true axions and low axion scales, corresponding to scenarios with enlarged confining sector. The mass dependence of the coupling of heavy axions to photons, $W$ and $Z$ bosons is determined. Furthermore, we perform a two-coupling-at-a-ti…
In the recent work arXiv:1809.02446, the authors proposed a new method measuring the electron oscillating electric dipole moment (eOEDM) using atomic magnetomaters. This eOEDM is induced by the interaction between the electron magnetic dipole moment, electric field and axion field. The result is sensitive to the axion-photon coupling according to [Hill, PRD 91, 111702 (2015)]. Here we want to describe that the same experimental method can be also sensitive to the axion-electron coupling according to [Alexander and Sims, PRD 98, 015011 (2018)]. In this article, we will show the corresponding se…
We study the axion field range and low energy couplings in models with Stückelberg mixing between axions and $U(1)$ gauge bosons. It is noted that the gauge-invariant axion combination $ξ$ in the model is periodic $modulo$ an appropriate shift of gauge-variant axions eaten by the massive $U(1)$ gauge bosons, which in some cases makes the connection between the field range and the low energy couplings less transparent. We derive the field range of $ξ$ for generic forms of the axion kinetic metric and $U(1)$ charges, and identify the field basis for which all non-derivative couplings of $ξ$ are …
We study the renormalization group running of axion couplings while taking into account that the Standard Model can be extended to its supersymmetric extension at a certain energy scale below the axion decay constant. We then apply our results to three different classes of axion models, i.e. KSVZ-like, DFSZ-like, and string-theoretic axions, and examine if string-theoretic axions can be distinguished from others by having a different pattern of low energy couplings to the photon, nucleons and electron. We find that the low energy couplings of string-theoretic axions have a similar pattern as t…
New Source for QCD Axion Dark Matter Production: Curvature Induced
İstinye University（伊斯坦耶大学）；Tel-Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）；Johannes Gutenberg University（约翰内斯·古腾堡大学）；The University of Osaka（大阪大学）；Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器中心）；Universität Hamburg（汉堡大学）；Universitat de València-CSIC（瓦伦西亚大学-西班牙国家研究委员会）；Khon Kaen University（孔敬大学）
A hypothetical pseudo-scalar particle axion, which is an immediate result of the Peccei-Quinn solution to the strong CP problem, may couple to gluons and lead to an oscillating electric dipole moment (EDM) of fundamental particles. This paper proposes a novel method of probing the axion-induced oscillating EDM in storage rings, using a radiofrequency (RF) Wien Filter. The Wien Filter at the frequency of the sidebands of the axion and $g-2$ frequency, $f_\text{axion} \pm f_{g-2}$, generates a spin resonance in the presence of an oscillating EDM, as confirmed both by an analytical estimation of …
The QCD axion's coupling to photons is often assumed to lie in a narrow band as a function of the axion mass. We demonstrate that several simple mechanisms, in addition to the photophilic clockwork axion already in the literature, can significantly extend the allowed range of couplings. Some mechanisms we present generalize the KNP alignment scenario, widely studied as a model of inflation, to the phenomenology of a QCD axion. In particular we present KSVZ-like realizations of two-axion KNP alignment and of the clockwork mechanism. Such a "confinement tower" realization of clockwork may prove …
The EDGES Collaboration has reported an anomalously strong 21cm absorption feature corresponding to the era of first star formation, which may indirectly betray the influence of dark matter during this epoch. We demonstrate that, by virtue of the ability to mediate cooling processes whilst in the condensed phase, a small amount of axion dark matter can explain these observations within the context of standard models of axions and axion-like-particles. The EDGES best-fit result favours an axion-like-particles mass in the (10, 450) meV range, which can be compressed for the QCD axion to (100, 45…
The characteristic axion couplings could be generated via effective couplings between the Standard Model (SM) fermions to a pseudo-Goldstone from a high-scale $U(1)$ Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry breaking. Assuming that the UV-induced effective operators generate necessary couplings before the PQ symmetry breaking, and any low-scale couplings to the SM are restricted to the Yukawa sector, three minimal natural scenarios can be formulated, which provides a connection between the QCD-axions and mediators at the GUT/string scales. We find that the PQ symmetry breaking scale could be about $10^{15}$ …
