AI 中文总结
利用赫尔斯-泰勒双中子星系统轨道演化的广义相对论高精度测试，对轴子与中子星成分耦合得出新约束，包括对轻 QCD 轴子衰变常数的限制及轴子-μ子二次耦合的最强约束。
AI 中文摘要
赫尔斯-泰勒双中子星系统的轨道演化可由广义相对论高精度描述，其中引力是唯一的长程力，引力波是主要的能量损失通道。我们利用相对论性双星动力学的这个精确测试，对轴子与稳定中子星成分（中子、电子和μ子）的耦合得出新的约束。二次位移对称破缺的轴子-费米子耦合使双星系统通过轴子波的偶极和四极发射损失能量。这些耦合还在两种不同情况下介导长程、与自旋无关的力：在暗物质背景中，以及在中子星内部引发快子相变时。对于轻的 QCD 轴子，我们的约束可以转化为对轴子衰变常数的限制，这与其他探测手段互补，对于\(m_a\lesssim 10^{-12}\text{ eV}\)和\(f_a\lesssim M_\textrm{pl}\)适用。我们还对轴子-μ子二次耦合给出了目前最强的约束，否则它仅受超新星冷却的约束。
英文摘要
The orbital evolution of the Hulse-Taylor binary neutron star system is described to high precision by general relativity, in which gravity is the only long-range force and gravitational waves provide the dominant energy-loss channel. We use this precision test of relativistic binary dynamics to derive new constraints on axion couplings to stable neutron star constituents: neutrons, electrons, and muons. Quadratic shift symmetry breaking axion-fermion couplings allow binary systems to lose energy through dipole and quadrupole emission of axion waves. These couplings also mediate long range, spin independent forces in two different regimes: in an ambient dark matter background, and when a tachyonic phase transition is triggered inside the neutron stars. For light QCD axions our constraints can be recast as limits on the axion decay constant, which are complementary to other probes for $m_a\lesssim 10^{-12}\text{ eV}$ and $f_a\lesssim M_\textrm{pl}$. For $m_a\lesssim10^{-12}\,{\rm eV}$, we place, to our knowledge, the strongest available constraint on the quadratic axion--muon coupling scale, providing a complementary probe to supernova cooling.
Comments24 pages, 6 figures
